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BOOK CHAPTER 7 Flashcards

1
Q

process of growing microorganisms in
culture

A

cultivation

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2
Q

artificial environment
a. in vivo
b. in vitro
c. both

A

b

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3
Q

infection site
a. in vivo
b. in vitro
c. both

A

a

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4
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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5
Q

causative agent of leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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6
Q

At least of broth are needed for turbidity to be detected with the unaided eye

A

106 bacteria per milliliter

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7
Q

Strict anaerobes
will grow at

A

the bottom of the broth tube

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8
Q

aerobes
will grow

A

near the surface

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9
Q

Microaerophilic organisms will
grow

A

slightly below the surface

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10
Q

facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant organisms will
grow

A

throughout the medium

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11
Q

the most common solidifying agent

A

agarose

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12
Q

agarose can be melted up to

A

95 deg C

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13
Q

agarose cooling temp

A

55 to 60 degC

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14
Q

The resulting bacterial population is
considered to be derived from a single bacterial cell and is
known as a

A

pure colony

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15
Q

one of the first and most important steps required for bacterial identification and characterization

A

The ability to select pure (individual) colonies

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16
Q

charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) is an example of what media

A

enrichment media

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17
Q

this provides l-cysteine for growth of legionella pneumophila

A

charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE)

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18
Q

thioglycollate is used for

A

isolation of anaerobes

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19
Q

for selective enrichment of group B streptococci

A

LIM (Todd Hewitt broth containing colistin and nalidix acid broth

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20
Q

inhibitory agents

A

dyes, bile salts, alcohols, acids and antibiotics

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21
Q

phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar is an example of

A

selective medium

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22
Q

phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) contains

A

5 percent sheep’s blood

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23
Q

inhibitst the growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and allows gram-positive cocci to grow

A

phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar

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24
Q

prolonged incubation of selective media may result in ——– of the selective agent, permitting
contaminating organisms to grow

A

dehydration or evaporation

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25
Q

MacConkey agar is an example of

A

Differential media

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26
Q

This is the most
commonly used nutritive medium for diagnostic bacteriology, because it allows many organisms to grow

A

sheep blood agar

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27
Q

several animal tissue sources, added
peptone (protein), phosphate buffer, and a small concentration of dextrose. The carbohydrate provides a readily accessible source of energy for many bacteria

A

Brain-heart infusion (BHI)

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28
Q

red blood cells are lysed when
added to molten agar base

A

Chocolate agar

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29
Q

in Chocolate agar, The cell lysis provides for the
release of intracellular nutrients such as

A

hemoglobin, hemin
(“X” factor), and the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide (NAD, or “V” factor)

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30
Q

chocolate-brown color of chocolate agar is from

A

red blood cell lysis

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31
Q

The most common bacterial pathogens that
require chocolate agar for growth include

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, and Haemophilus spp.,

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32
Q

which cause infections usually involving the
respiratory tract and middle ear

A

haemophilus spp

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33
Q

a nutritionally rich formula containing three peptone sources and 5% defibrinated (whole blood
with fibrin removed to prevent clotting) sheep blood.

A

Columbia agar base

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34
Q

Nutrient agar base with ferric citrate. Hydrolysis of
esculin by group D streptococci imparts a brown
color to medium; sodium deoxycholate inhibits
many bacteria
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

b

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35
Q

Differential isolation and presumptive
identification of group D streptococci
and enterococci
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

b

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36
Q

Contains azide to inhibit gram-negative bacteria,
vancomycin to select for resistant gram-positive
bacteria, and bile esculin to differentiate enterococci from other vancomycin-resistant bacteria
that may grow
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

c

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37
Q

Selective and differential for cultivation of
vancomycin-resistant enterococci from
clinical and surveillance
specimens
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

c

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38
Q

Trypticase soy agar, Brucella agar, or beef heart
infusion with 5% sheep blood
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

a

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39
Q

Cultivation of nonfastidious microorganisms, determination of hemolytic
reactions
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

a

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40
Q

Potato-glycerol–based medium enriched with 15%-
20% defibrinated blood; contaminants inhibited by
methicillin (final concentration of 2.5 µm/mL)
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

d

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41
Q

isolation of Bordetella pertussis and
Bordetella parapertussis
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Bile esculin azide agar
with vancomycin
d. Bordet-Gengou agar

A

d

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42
Q

Dextrose, pork brain, and heart dehydrated infusions
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Brain-heart infusion agar
or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast
extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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43
Q

Cultivation of fastidious organisms
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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44
Q

Yeast extract, agar, charcoal, and salts supplemented with L-cysteine HCl, ferric pyrophosphate, ACES buffer, and alpha-ketoglutarate
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

d

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45
Q

Enrichment for Legionella spp. Supports the growth of Francisella and Nocardia spp.
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Bile esculin agar (BEA)
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

d

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46
Q

BCYE supplemented with polymyxin B, vancomycin,
and ansamycin to inhibit gram-negative bacteria,
gram-positive bacteria, and yeast, respectively
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract (BCYE) agar with antibiotics
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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47
Q

Enrichment and selection for Legionella spp.
a. Blood agar (BA)
b. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract (BCYE) agar with antibiotics
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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48
Q

Bile salts, gentamicin, ticarcillin, polymyxin B, peptone, yeast extract
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract (BCYE) agar with antibiotics
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

a

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49
Q

For recovery of B. cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract (BCYE) agar with antibiotics
c. Brain-heart infusion agar or broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

a

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50
Q

Contains vancomycin (10 mg/L), trimethoprim
(5 mg/L), polymyxin B (2500 U/L), amphotericin B
(2 mg/L), and cephalothin (15 mg/L) in a Brucella
agar base with sheep blood
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Campy-blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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51
Q

Selective for Campylobacter spp.
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Campy-blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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52
Q

Thioglycollate broth supplemented with increased agar concentration and antibiotics
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Campy-blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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53
Q

Selective holding medium for recovery of Campylobacter spp. Incubated at 4°C for cold-enrichment
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. Campy-blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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54
Q

Tryptic soy broth with phenyl-ethyl alcohol, 5% sheep blood, and added nutrients
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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55
Q

Improved growth of obligate, slow growing anaerobes
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Campylobacter thioglycollate broth
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

b

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56
Q

Blood-supplemented enrichment medium containing
cefoperazone, vancomycin, and amphotericin to inhibit growth of most gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast, respectively
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Cefoperazone, vancomycin, amphotericin (CVA) medium
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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57
Q

Selective medium for isolation of Campylobacter spp.
a. Burkholderia cepacia selective agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Cefoperazone, vancomycin, amphotericin (CVA) medium
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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58
Q

Peptone base with yeast extract, mannitol, and bile salts; supplemented with cefsulodin, irgasan, and novobiocin; neutral red and crystal violet indicators
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Cefoperazone, vancomycin, amphotericin (CVA) medium
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

a

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59
Q

Selective for Yersinia spp.; may be useful for isolation of Aeromonas spp.
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Cefoperazone, vancomycin, amphotericin (CVA) medium
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

a

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60
Q

Peptone base, enriched with solution of 2% hemoglobin or IsoVitaleX (BD BBLTM Becton Dickenson, Sparks MD)
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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61
Q

Cultivation of fastidious microorganisms such as Haemophilus spp., Brucella spp. and pathogenic Neisseria spp.
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Buffered charcoal–yeast extract agar (BCYE)

A

c

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62
Q

Organism-specific nutrient base, selective supplements, and chromogenic substrate
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

d

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63
Q

Designed to optimize growth and differentiate a specific type of organism; routinely used in the identification of yeasts, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and a variety of other organisms
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. CDC* anaerobe 5% sheep blood agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

d

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64
Q

Columbia agar base with 10 mg colistin per liter,
15 mg nalidixic acid per liter, and 5% sheep
blood
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

b

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65
Q

Selective isolation of gram-positive cocci
a. Cefsulodin-irgasannovobiocin (CIN) agar
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

b

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66
Q

Infusion agar base with 5% sheep blood; reduction of
potassium tellurite by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
produces black colonies
a. Cystine-tellurite blood agar
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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67
Q

Isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

a. Cystine-tellurite blood agar
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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68
Q

Peptone base containing lactose; eosin Y and
methylene blue as indicators
a. Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (Levine)
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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69
Q

Isolation and differentiation of lactose fermenting and non–lactose fermenting enteric bacilli
a. Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (Levine)
b. Columbia colistinnalidixic acid (CNA) agar
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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70
Q

Peptone-base broth with glucose and mannitol;
sodium citrate and sodium deoxycholate act as
inhibitory agents
a. Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (Levine)
b. Gram-negative broth (GN)
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

b

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71
Q

Selective (enrichment) liquid medium for enteric pathogens
a. Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (Levine)
b. Gram-negative broth (GN)
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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72
Q

Peptone-base agar with bile salts, lactose, sucrose,
salicin, and ferric ammonium citrate; indicators
include bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin
a. Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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73
Q

Differential, selective medium for the isolation and differentiation of Salmonella and Shigella spp. from other gram-negative enteric bacill
a. Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

a

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74
Q

Animal tissue (heart muscle), dextrose, egg-and-beef
serum, and sodium chloride
a. Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

A

b

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75
Q

solation and growth of Corynebacterium spp
a. Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

76
Q

Peptone base with lactose; gram-positive organisms
inhibited by crystal violet and bile salts; neutral red
as indicator
a. MacConkey agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

77
Q

Isolation and differentiation of lactose fermenting and non–lactose fermenting enteric bacilli
a. MacConkey agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. Chocolate agar
d. Chromogenic media

78
Q

A modification of MacConkey agar in which lactose
has been replaced with D-sorbitol as the primary
carbohydrate
a. MacConkey agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. MacConkey sorbitol agar
d. Chromogenic media

79
Q

For the selection and differentiation of E. coli O157:H7 in stool specimens
a. MacConkey agar
b. Loeffler medium
c. MacConkey sorbitol agar
d. Chromogenic media

80
Q

Peptone base, mannitol, and phenol red indicator;
salt concentration of 7.5% inhibits most bacteria
a. MacConkey agar
b. Mannitol salt agar
c. MacConkey sorbitol agar
d. Chromogenic media

81
Q

Selective differentiation of staphylococci
a. MacConkey agar
b. Mannitol salt agar
c. MacConkey sorbitol agar
d. Chromogenic media

82
Q

Peptone agar base with cornstarch, supplemented
with yeast dialysate, 3% hemoglobin, and horse
plasma; antibiotic supplement includes vancomycin (2 µg/mL), colistin (5.5 µg/mL), amphotericin B
(1.2 µg/mL), and trimethoprim (3 µg/mL)
a. MacConkey agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Chromogenic media

83
Q

Selective for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; also supports the growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum and some Mycoplasma spp.
a. MacConkey agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Chromogenic media

84
Q

Nutrient agar base; inhibits growth of gram-negative organisms
a. Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Regan Lowe

85
Q

Selective isolation of aerobic gram positive cocci and bacilli and anaerobic gram-positive cocci and
gram-negative bacilli
a. Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Regan Lowe

86
Q

Charcoal agar supplemented with horse blood, cephalexin, and amphotericin B
a. Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Regan Lowe

87
Q

Enrichment and selective medium for isolation of Bordetella pertussis
a. Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Regan Lowe

88
Q

Peptone base with lactose, ferric citrate, and sodium
citrate; neutral red as indicator; inhibition of
coliforms by brilliant green and bile salts
a. Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar
b. New York City (NYC) agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Regan Lowe

89
Q

Peptone and soy protein base agar with yeast
extract, dextrose, and buffers; addition of hemin,
L-cysteine, and 5% blood enriches for anaerobes
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

90
Q

Nonselective medium for the recovery of anaerobes and aerobes Selective for Campylobacter spp. and
Helicobacter spp.
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

91
Q

Peptone-base broth; sodium selenite toxic for most
Enterobacteriaceae
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

92
Q

Enrichment of isolation of Salmonella spp
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

93
Q

Peptone and soy protein–base agar with lysed horse
blood; vancomycin inhibits gram-positive organisms; polymyxin B and trimethoprim inhibit most
gram-negative organisms
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

94
Q

Selective for Campylobacter spp
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

95
Q

Contains crystal violet, colistin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole in 5% sheep blood agar base
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

96
Q

Selective for Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae
a. Skirrow agar
b. Schaedler agar
c. Selenite broth
d. Streptococcal selective agar - SSA

97
Q

Peptone-base broth; iodine and potassium iodide,
bile salts, and sodium thiosulfate inhibit gram-positive organisms and Enterobacteriaceae
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

98
Q

Selective for Salmonella and Shigella spp., except Salmonella enterica Typhi
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

99
Q

Blood agar base enriched with hemoglobin and
supplement B; contaminating organisms inhibited
by colistin, nystatin, vancomycin, and trimethoprim
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

100
Q

Selective for N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Supports the growth of Francisella and Brucella spp.
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

101
Q

Pancreatic digest of casein, soy broth, and glucose
enrich growth of most microorganisms; includes
reducing agents thioglycollate, cystine, and
sodium sulfite; semisolid medium with a low
concentration of agar reducing oxygen diffusion
in the medium
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

102
Q

Supports growth of anaerobes, aerobes, microaerophilic, and fastidious microorganisms
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

103
Q

Peptone base agar with yeast extract, bile salts,
citrate, sucrose, ferric citrate, and sodium
thiosulfate; bromthymol blue acts as indicator
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

104
Q

Selective and differential for Vibrio spp
a. Thayer-Martin agar (TM) (modified Thayer Martin [MTM])
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Thioglycollate broth
d. Thiosulfate citrate–bile salts (TCBS) agar

105
Q

Supplemented with nalidixic acid and gentamicin or
colistin for greater selectivity; thioglycollate and
agar reduce redox potential
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

106
Q

Selection and enrichment for Streptococcus agalactiae in female genital specimens
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

107
Q

All-purpose enrichment broth that can support the
growth of many fastidious and nonfastidious
bacteria
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

108
Q

Enrichment broth used for subculturing various bacteria from primary agar
plates
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

109
Q

Yeast extract agar with lysine, xylose, lactose,
sucrose, and ferric ammonium citrate; sodium
deoxycholate inhibits gram-positive organisms;
phenol red as indicator
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

110
Q

Isolation and differentiation of Salmonella
and Shigella spp. from other gram negative enteric bacill
a. Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with antibiotics (LIM)
b. Tetrathionate broth
c. Trypticase soy broth (TSB)
d. Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar

111
Q

CNA refers to the antibiotics

A

colistin and nalidixic

112
Q

disrupts the cell membranes of gram-negative organisms
a. nalidixic
b. colistin

113
Q

this aid in blocking DNA replication in susceptible organisms.
a. nalidixic
b. colistin

114
Q

a selective broth used for cultivation of gastrointestinal pathogens

A

Gram negative broth

115
Q

contains bile salts and dyes (bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin)

A

Hektoen enteric (HE) agar

116
Q

in Hektoen enteric (HE) agar, nonenteric pathogens that do grow will appear as

A

orange to salmon-colored colonies

117
Q

Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. do not ferment these carbon compounds, so no color change occurs and their colonies maintain the original ————— color of the medium

A

blue-green

118
Q

H2S producing organism, what color is the colonies

A

salmonella, black precipitate

119
Q

most frequently used primary selective and differential agar

A

McConkey agar

120
Q

pH indicator of mcconkey

A

phenol red

121
Q

alpha hemolysis in mcconkey agar can be observed in what color of colonies

A

greenish colonies

122
Q

enrichment and selective medium for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, and Neisseria meningitidis,

A

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar

123
Q

in Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar, this inhibit other gram-negative bacteria
a. colistin
b. yeast
c. vancomycin
d. trimethoprim

124
Q

in Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar, this inhibit yeast
a. colistin
b. nystatin
c. vancomycin
d. trimethoprim

125
Q

in Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar, this inhibit proteus
b. yeast
c. vancomycin
d. trimethoprim

126
Q

in Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) agar, this inhibit other gram-positive bacteria
a. colistin
b. yeast
c. vancomycin
d. trimethoprim

127
Q

A further modification, Martin-Lewis agar, substitutes ——– and has a higher concentration of

A

ansamycin for nystatin
vancomycin

128
Q

in thioglycollate broth, this medium contains —– to prevent convection currents from carrying atmospheric oxygen throughout the broth

A

0.075 percent agar

129
Q

in thioglycollate broth, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacilli generally produce
a. flocculation or clumps
b. diffuse, even growth
c. growth towards surface of broth
d. growth at the bottom of broth

130
Q

in thioglycollate broth, Gram-negative, gram-positive cocci produce
a. flocculation or clumps
b. diffuse, even growth
c. growth towards surface of broth
d. growth at the bottom of broth

131
Q

in thioglycollate broth, strict aerobic such as pseudomonas produce
a. flocculation or clumps
b. diffuse, even growth
c. growth towards surface of broth
d. growth at the bottom of broth

132
Q

in thioglycollate broth, strict anaerobic such as pseudomonas produce
a. flocculation or clumps
b. diffuse, even growth
c. growth towards surface of broth
d. growth at the bottom of broth

133
Q

selective and differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.

A

xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar

134
Q

in xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar, this salt inhibits many gram-negative bacilli that are not enteric pathogens and inhibits gram-positive organisms.

A

sodium deoxycholate

135
Q

in xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar, this causes a pH increase that causes the pH indicator turn red.

A

decarboxylation of lysine

136
Q

in xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar, salmonella colonies often exhibit —– due to H2S

A

black center

137
Q

in xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar, Several of the nonpathogenic organisms ferment one or more of the sugars and produce

A

yellow colonies

138
Q

The timing of autoclave sterilization should start from the moment the temperature reaches —– and usually requires a minimum of ——.

A

121 deg C; 15 mins

139
Q

Once the sterilization cycle is completed, molten agar is allowed to cool to approximately —— before being distributed to individual petri plates

140
Q

membrane filters with pores size range

A

0.2 to 0.45 um in diameter

141
Q

The four most critical environmental factors to consider include

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) availability, temperature, pH, and moisture content of the medium

142
Q

strictly aerobic

A

Pseudomonas spp., members of the Neisseriaceae family, Brucella spp., Bordetella spp., and Francisella spp

143
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is able to grow at

144
Q

Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica, can grow at —— but grow best at temperatures between —————–.

A

4°C to 43°C; 20° and 40°C

145
Q

Most clinically relevant bacteria prefer a near-neutral pH range, from

A

6.5 to 7.5.

146
Q

a major constituent of both agar and
broth media.

147
Q

Once inoculated with patient specimens, most media are placed in incubators with temperatures maintained between ——-

A

35°C and 37°C

148
Q

humidified atmospheres should contain

A

3 to 5 percent CO2

149
Q

Most bacteria encountered in routine bacteriology will grow within —–

A

24 to 48 hours.

150
Q

if a lower count of bacteria may be present, such as a suprapubic aspiration, a —— may be needed to identify the lower count of organisms.

A

10 uL loop

151
Q

The initial interpretation of the specimen cultivation is also known as

A

primary plate reading

152
Q

McConkey agar is inhibitory to

A

gram-positive

153
Q

Yeast and some gram positive cocci are capable of limited growth on ——-

A

MacConkey agar.

154
Q

criteria on colony morphology includes;

A

colony size, pigmentation, shape, surface appearance, changes in agar and odor

155
Q

The tests and the order in which they are used for organism identification are often referred to as an

A

identification scheme or workup of the organism.

156
Q

identification schemes can be based on

A

genotype and phenotype characteristics

157
Q

fluorescent antibody test can be done on

A

legionella pneumophilia

158
Q

refers to the percentage of patients without disease that will test negative for the presence of the organism.
a. specificity
b. sensitivity

159
Q

indicates the percentage of patients in whom the organism is present who actually test positive.
a. specificity
b. sensitivity

160
Q

fruity/grape like smell

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

161
Q

c. jejuni can withstand what temperature

162
Q

gram positive bacteria are susceptible to vancomycin except

A

P- pediococcus
E- enterococcus
L- lactobacillus
L- leukonostoc

163
Q

Any zone of inhibition around a vancomycin impregnated disk after overnight incubation is usually indicative of a gram ——-

A

-positive bacterium

164
Q

gram-negative bacteria are resistant to vancomycin except

A

C- chryseobacterium
A- acinetobacter
M- moraxella

165
Q

most gram —– bacteria are susceptible to the antibiotics colistin or polymyxin

166
Q

gram —— bacteria are typically resistant to colistin or polymyxin

167
Q

test that can provide information for gram-positive identifications

A

catalase test

168
Q

test that can provide information for gram-negative identifications

169
Q

—————- participates in electron transport and in the nitrate metabolic pathways of certain bacteria.

A

Cytochrome oxidase

170
Q

Prolonged incubation of urea agar may result in —— reactions because of the hydrolysis of proteins in the medium

A

false positive

171
Q

test for e.coli, color of positive result

A

indole test, pink-red

172
Q

Oxidation-fermentation determinations are usually accomplished by using a ——–

A

special semisolid medium

173
Q

SINGLE CHO substrate used in OF

174
Q

common pH indicators used in O-F tests

A

bromcresol purple; purple - yellow
andrade’s acid fuchsin; pale yellow - pink
phenol red; red - yellow
bromthymol blue; green - yellow

175
Q

enterobacteriaceae
a. oxidative
b. fermentative

176
Q

pseudomonas
a. oxidative
b. fermentative

177
Q

an anaerobic process that
requires an acid environment for activation.
a. deamination
b. decarboxylation

178
Q

the cleavage of the amine group from an amino acid, occurs in air
a. deamination
b. decarboxylation

179
Q

medium is a combination medium used for the identification of decarboxylation and deamination in a single tube

A

lysine iron agar

180
Q

Organisms capable of dextrose fermentation will produce acid resulting in a

A

yellow butt

181
Q

capable of deaminating lysine in the presence of oxygen, resulting in a red color change on the slant of the medium

182
Q

Growth in the presence of various NaCl concentrations

A

enterococci and vibrio

183
Q

Susceptibility to optochin and solubility in bile

A

s. pneumoniae

184
Q

Ability to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile

A

enterococci

185
Q

Ethanol survival

186
Q

the time required for a bacterial population to double

A

generation time

187
Q

generation time of clinically relevant bacteria

A

20-30 mins

MTAP 1 (10 decks)

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