MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards
1
Q
Giant cells typically occur in tubercles
A
T
2
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalised tuberculosis in pigs
A
T
3
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
A
T
4
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonise only cold-blooded animals
A
F
5
Q
Mycobacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria.
A
T
6
Q
Saprophytic and facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot colonise warm blooded
animals.
A
F
7
Q
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the environment.
A
F
8
Q
Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only colonize in warm-blooded animals.
A
F
9
Q
There is no antigen connection between facultative and obligate pathogenic
mycobacteria
A
F
10
Q
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A
F
11
Q
Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase
of tuberculosis.
A
F
12
Q
There is a close antigen relationship between mycobacteria.
A
T
13
Q
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis only in ruminants
A
F
14
Q
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in goats.
A
T
15
Q
Tuberculin is an extract made from broth culture of mycobacteria
A
T
16
Q
The tuberculin contains antigens from mycobacteria.
A
T
17
Q
Tuberculin is the toxin produced by mycobacteria.
A
F
18
Q
Intra canalicular spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of
tuberculosis
A
T
19
Q
Antibodies against mycobacteria are detected in the tuberculin test
A
F??
20
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause local lesions in pigs
A
T
21
Q
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
A
F
22
Q
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria
A
T
23
Q
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
A
T
24
Q
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common the early generation:
A
T
25
Mycobacteria can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining
T
26
Mycobacteria cannot be stained
F
27
Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can occur and replicate in the environment:
F
28
All mycobacteria species are obligate pathogenic.
F
29
The resistance of mycobacteria is low, they die in the environment soon.
F
30
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalised tuberculosis in goats
T
31
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the post primary phase
F
32
Mycobacteria are highly resistant thanks to lipids and waxes in the cell wall
T
33
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
34
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs
T
35
Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
36
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in badgers
T
37
Mycobacterium caprae can infect only goats.
F
38
Tuberculosis lesions in the lymph node are common in the early generalization
T
39
The habitat of the obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
F
40
Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria.
F
41
Waxes can be found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
T
42
Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
F
43
Neutrophil granulocytes can be typically found in tubercles
F
44
Necrosis can be seen in the tubercles.
T
45
The habitat of saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment.
T
46
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria cannot colonize mammals.
F
47
Mycobacteria have several shared antigens.
T
48
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
49
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens
F
50
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains large amount of lipopolysaccharide.
F
Bc gram +
51
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
F??
wb facultative saphrophtic
52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in parrots
T
53
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes generalized tuberculosis in badgers.
F??
Not mentioned in notes only mentions cattle, swine, dog and cage birds
54
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in poultry
F
55
The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid.
T
56
The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens.
F
57
Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals.
F??
58
All mycobacteria can replicate in the environment.
F
59
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild living ruminants.
T
60
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild boars.
T
61
If the increase of the thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 1.9 mm the
reaction is positive.
F
62
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction.
T
63
Antigens of mycobacteria show a close relationship.
T
64
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment only for a few days
F
65
Atypical mycobacteria can cause lesions in pigs
T
66
Mycobacteria caprae can infect cattle, other ruminants and swine
T
67
Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis.
F
68
Only cattle maintain bovine tuberculosis
F
69
Obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the infected body
T
70
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in fishes
T
71
Mycobacteria are not resistant, they can survive in the environment for maximum of
two days.
F
72
Mycobacterium suis is the most frequent agent of tuberculosis of pigs.
F
73
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonize the gut of pigs.
T
74
Sometimes facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cause lesions in pig
T
75
Mycobacteria can survive in the environment.
T
76
Mycobacteria cannot be cultured.
F
77
Waxes and lipids in the mycobacteria are virulence factors.
T
78
The agent of avian tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
T
79
Tuberculin test is an allergic test.
T
80
Mycobacteria can be cultured, but their incubation time is long.
T
81
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting antibodies to M. bovis in the blood with ELISA
T for wild animals
82
The center of the tubercle is necrotized.
T
83
The tubercle consists of histiocytes and foreign body giant cell.
T
84
The causative agents of tuberculosis are obligate pathogenic bacteria.
T
85
Koster staining is a special staining for Mycobacteria.
F
86
Mycobacteria are highly resistant.
T
87
Early generalization of mycobacteria occurs via lympho-hematogenous route.
T
88
In dogs’ tuberculosis can be generalized.
T
89
Late generalization can be characterized by lost resistance.
T
90
In the tubercle, coagulation necrosis is seen
T
91
In the phase of early generalization Mycobacteria do not replicate in the lymph node
F
92
Mycobacteria are a worldwide disease.
T
93
Chronic tuberculosis causes changes in the lymph node.
F
94
Mycobacteria can be demonstrated from the discharge of sick animals by staining.
T
Tracheal discharge
95
Tuberculosis can be demonstrated earliest by ELISA.
F
96
Tuberculosis can first be diagnosed by PCR
F
97
Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with certainty serology.
T?
98
Mycobacterium infection in pigs can be zoonotic
T
99
Mycobacterium spp. in swine can be caused by atypical mycobacteria
T
100
Mycobacteria in swine can be caused by M. bovis and produces localized lesions
F?
101
M. tuberculosis is a common mycobacterium infection of pig
F
102
Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria.
T
103
Sawdust bedding can predispose pigs to infection by facultative pathogenic
mycobacteria.
T
104
Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs.
F
105
The habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F
106
The habitat of facultative pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil.
F??
107
Only cattle are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis.
F
108
Some facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in cold blooded
animals
T
109
In the case of avian tuberculosis, no tubercles are formed.
F
110
Avian tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium gallinarum
F
111
Avian tuberculosis is a generalised disease.
T
112
The most severe form of avian tuberculosis can be seen in 1-4 week old chicken:
F
113
The agent of avian tuberculosis infects animals generally per os:
T
114
Mycobacterium avium subsp avium causes tuberculosis in humans
F
115
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium causes avian tuberculosis
T
116
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
T
117
The agent of avian tuberculosis can survive in the soil for several months:
T
118
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian tuberculosis
T
119
Clinical signs of avian tuberculosis can be seen in old birds
T
120
Poultry are widely vaccinated for the prevention of avian tuberculsosis
F
121
Avian tuberculosis is very frequent in large scale poultry farms
F
122
The causative agent of avian tuberculosis is a resistant bacterium
T
123
Avian tuberculosis is mainly seen in chicken below 2 months of age
F
124
In case of avian tuberculosis tubercles can be seen in liver and spleen.
T
125
Avian tuberculosis is treated with penicillin and tetracyclines.
F
126
Only Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium can infect birds.
F
127
Avian tuberculosis has been eradicated in Europe.
F
128
Avian tuberculosis can be typically seen in old, adult birds
T
129
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause clinical signs in some bird species.
T
130
The agent of avian tuberculosis cannot survive in the environment, its resistance is low
F
131
Avian tuberculosis usually occurs at 6-8 weeks of age.
F
132
Avian tuberculosis result in local processes.
F
133
Avian tuberculosis can be diagnosed by slide agglutination or ELISA.
T
134
Avian tuberculosis is a common disease in large scale farms causing high economic losses
F
135
Waterfowl are more susceptible to avian tuberculosis
F?
136
Crepitation during liver transection is characteristic for avian tuberculosis.
F
137
Tuberculosis of poultry occur mainly in breeder flocks.
T
138
Avian tuberculosis occur over 1 year of age.
T
139
The tuberculin test is unreliable in poultry.
T
140
The agent of paratuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium
T
141
Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.
T
142
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faeces.
T
143
Aerosol infection is the main form of transmission of paratuberculosis.
F
144
The resistance of the agent of paratuberculosis is low, it cannot survive in the environment.
F
145
Paratuberculosis occurs most frequently in pigs:
F
146
Clinical signs of paratuberculosis can mainly be seen only in those cases that were infected in
the first six months of life:
T
147
Fibrinous pneumonia is a typical lesion of paratuberculosis:
F
148
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed only after the appearance of the clinical signs
F??
Not sure bc what about older animals that are infected but no CS seen they shed?
149
The most severe clinical signs of Paratuberculosis can be seen in suckling calves
F
150
Lesions are seen in the lungs of animals infected with paratuberculosis
F
151
Paratuberculosis has been eradicated from Europe
F
152
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis is more severe in calves than in adults.
T
153
Dyspnoea and nasal discharge are the main clinical signs of paratuberculosis
F
154
Paratuberculosis occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical countries.
F
155
The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faces and milk. T
T
156
The clinical signs of paratuberculosis are more severe in sheep than cattle.
F
157
Paratuberculosis is seen in young calves
F
Not young becasue of the IP of 9mts
158
Lesions of paratuberculosis are localized in the small intestine
T
159
In the case of paratuberculosis tuberculi can be seen in the anterior lobes of the lungs
F
160
Paratuberculosis can be treated with polymyxins.
F
161
Paratuberculosis is seen cows above 2 years of age.
T!!
Because IP at least 9mts so CS seen from 2-5yr olds
162
Lesions of the paratuberculosis are localized in the small and large intestine
T
163
In the case of paratuberculosis no tuberculi are seen.
T
164
Weight loss is a typical sign of paratuberculosis.
T
165
In paratuberculosis, the nodules are seen primarily in the large intestine.
F
166
Paratuberculosis can be demonstrated by LST during early stages of infection.
T
167
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by early vaccination of the calves.
T
168
Paratuberculosis can be treated with penicillin and enrofloxacin.
F
169
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination.
T
170
Paratuberculosis is believed to cause Chron’s disease.
T
171
Young animals are resistant to paratuberculosis.
F
172
Wasting is the main clinical sign.
T
173
Paratuberculosis is also called Johne’s disease.
T
174
It is a chronic disease with diarrhoea affecting mainly ruminants
(CS: 2-5 years)
T?
assume (CS: 2-5 years) not part of question
175
he disease paratuberculosis can develop in animals above 2 months
F
176
Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination only in countries where it is eradicated.
F
Only in countries where bovine tuberculosis is eradicated
177
In Paratuberculosis, nodules can be found in intestinum crassum.
F
NB!! NO nodules
178
Young animals are more susceptible to paratuberculosis
T
179
Paratuberculosis virulence factor is phospholipase C.
F??
180
Paratuberculosis cause proliferative enteritis in small intestines.
T
181
Cattle paratuberculosis shows more severe lesions than sheep/goat.
T
182
Mainly proliferative lesions can be seen in the late generalization phase of bovine
tuberculosis.
F
183
Bovine tuberculosis is sustained by infected animals
T
184
Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the early generalization
T
185
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in milk.
T
186
Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in tracheal discharge.
T
187
Infection of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic.
T
188
The sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test is above 90% in cattle.
T
189
If the tuberculin test is negative, it has to be repeated immediately.
F
190
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
facultative pathogenic mycobacteria.
F
191
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
F
192
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is in the exhaust phase
T
193
The tuberculin has to be injected in the skin fold in the skin intra dermal test.
T
194
The tuberculin test is used for the detection of infection of animals with mycobacteria.
T
195
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
1.8 mm and there are no local lesions or signs
T
196
The intradermal tuberculin test is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there are local lesions or signs.
T
197
The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there is no local lesions or signs
F
198
If the resistance of the animal is high, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be
seen
F
199
In the case of bovine tuberculosis aerogenic infection is the most frequent way of
infection
T
200
In the case of bovine tuberculosis always exudative lesions can be seen.
F
201
Selection (test & slaughter) and generation shift methods can be used for eradication of
bovine tuberculosis.
T
202
Europe is free from bovine tuberculosis; bovine tuberculosis does not occur in Europe at
all.
F
203
Rifampicin is frequently used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis
F
204
The thermal tuberculin test can be used in order to examine the organic reaction of
bovine tuberculosis
T
205
The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if only short time (1-3 weeks) has
passed since the infection
T
206
Positive reaction of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
T
207
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with
certain Corynebacterium species
T
Called heteroallergy
208
Mycobacterium bovis is an agent of bovine tuberculosis:
T
209
If the cellular immune reaction of cattle is weak, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis
can be seen:
T
210
Bovine tuberculosis cause mainly exudative lesions in calves below 1 month
F
211
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
T
212
In case of infection with mycobacterium bovis the reaction against bovine and avian
tuberculin is about the same in cattle:
F
213
Cough is a typical clinical sign of bovine pulmonary tuberculosis:
T
214
Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae belong to the mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex:
T
215
The incubation time of bovine tuberculosis is 1-2 weeks:
F
216
Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs:
T
217
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read 24 hours after injection:
F
218
Dermatitis nodosa is caused by mycobacterium bovis:
F
219
Only aerosol infection occurs in the case of bovine tuberculosis:
F
220
The skin intradermal tuberculin test can be repeated within a week if necessary.
F?
221
Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
T
222
The primary complex of bovine tuberculosis is generally seen in the gastrointestinal tract
F
223
False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by pre-allergy
F
224
In the intradermal skin test for tuberculosis, other mycobacteria can cause false positive.
T
225
The skin intra-dermal tuberculin test is a type IV hyper-sensitivity test
T
226
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae can cause bovine tuberculosis
T
227
The tuberculin skin test is positive if the skin thickness is 2mm and local signs such as
severe oedema of the neck is present.
T!!!
228
In the exhaust phase of Tuberculosis, the tuberculin test can be false positive.
F
229
The primary complex in bovine tuberculosis is mainly in the respiratory tract.
T
230
The tuberculin test is inconclusive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 3.2
mm and it is painful.
F
231
The tuberculin test is negative for 3 weeks after infection.
T
232
Cattle are vaccinated every year in order to prevent tuberculosis
F
233
The tuberculin reaction is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 4.1
mm.
T
234
If the increase of thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 4.1 mm, the reaction
is inconclusive
F
235
If the positive tuberculin reaction is caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria the
positivity will disappear after a few months.
T
236
Cough is a frequent sign of bovine tuberculosis.
T
237
Intestinal tuberculosis has no clinical signs in cattle.
F
238
Badgers can infect cattle with Mycobacterium bovis.
T
239
Vaccines are widely used to prevent bovine tuberculosis.
F
240
Mycobacterium bovis cannot cause tuberculosis in pigs.
F
241
Mycobacterium bovis can infect cage birds.
F??
242
Parallergy lasts lifelong in the case of cattle
T because if johnes they are lifelong carriers
243
Inhalation is the most frequent form of infection in the case of bovine tuberculosis.
T
244
Parallergy results in false negative reaction in the tuberculin test.
F
Ana and pre are false neg
Para and hetero are false pos
245
If the thickness of the skin is increased with 3.4 mm in the tuberculin test and local
lesions are present, test is inconclusive.
F
246
Tuberculotic cattle are treated with antibiotics for at least three weeks
F
247
The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read after 72 h.
T
248
If the intradermal tuberculin test is inconclusive, it has to be repeated within a week
F
249
If the skin fold become 3 mm thicker in the skin intradermal tuberculin test and is
painful, the test is positive.
T
250
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium can cause positive tuberculin reaction in cattle
T
251
At bovine tuberculosis the resistance of the infected animals effects the clinical
manifestation
T
252
At most cases bovine tuberculosis has a rapid, acute progression.
F
253
Bovine tuberculosis shows clinical signs mainly under the age of 6 months
F
254
The main pathogen causing bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
F
255
Bovine tuberculosis only affects the lungs
F
256
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis
T
257
Tuberculosis causes generalized disease by organic infection in cattle
F?
258
Tuberculosis cannot infect cattle per os
F
259
Tuberculosis in cattle occurs especially in young animals.
F
260
Cattle tuberculosis can be diagnosed by serological methods
T
261
Cattle tuberculosis is always generalized.
F
262
Tuberculosis in cattle is prevented with frequent vaccinations.
F
263
Cattle are infected with M. bovis mainly per os and enteric tuberculosis is most frequent.
F
264
Cattle infected with M. bovis will carry the bacterium for a maximum of 1 year.
F
265
In intestinal tuberculosis, diarrhoea is the main clinical sign.
T
266
In the case of bovine tuberculosis foetuses are generally not infected.
T
267
Generation shift can be used for eradication of tuberculosis.
T
268
Vaccination of 6-month-old calves with BCG vaccine will result eradication of
tuberculosis
F
269
After infection with Mycobacterium bovis cattle remain lifelong carriers.
T
270
The primary complex in cattle is generally in the lungs and the mediastinal lymph nodes
T
271
In cattle extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not occur.
F
272
Late generalization is characterized by productive processes
F
273
Chronic tuberculosis affects organs together with lymph nodes.
F
274
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.5 mm
F
275
Tuberculin test can detect about 50% of the infected animals.
F
276
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is highly sensitive in cattle
T
277
The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.1 mm.
F
278
In case of positive tuberculin reactions in a herd, movement restriction has to be
implemented.
T
279
The PPD-tuberculin (purified protein derivative) contains the antigenic abstract of the
agent.
T
280
During the general tuberculin test we give the tuberculin SC or IV.
T
281
General tuberculin test is used to trigger a hypersensitivity reaction.
T
282
The general tuberculin test (name) is not really used now a days.
T
283
The tuberculin test can be false negative in cattle within 3 weeks after infection.
T
284
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False positive in case of infection by
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
T
Because that’s why you can’t vaccinate in tb countries?
285
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of anergy
T
286
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of pre-allergy
T
287
The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of older, demarcated
nodule
T
288
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of old, encapsulated lesions.
T
289
Tuberculin test is false negative in case of pre-infection.
T
290
At the end of the disease the probe/intradermal skin test can be negative.
T because analergy
291
In other types of tuberculosis infections the intradermal tuberculin can be positive.
T
292
Using the thermal tuberculin test, organic reactions can be increased.
T
293
In case of para-allergic reaction we carry out the comparative tuberculin test. In case
of para-allergic reaction we eliminate the positive animals immediately.
T?
294
In case of para-allergic reaction we perform a test-cut.
F
295
In addition to para-allergic test we can carry out a gamma interferon test.
T
