Brucella✅ Flashcards
1
Q
Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
A
T
2
Q
Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae.
A
T
3
Q
Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of
brucellosis.
A
T
4
Q
Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk.
A
T
5
Q
Europe is free from Brucella ovis.
A
F
6
Q
Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical
sings of human brucellosis.
A
T
7
Q
Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
A
T
8
Q
Brucella are facultative IC agents.
A
T
9
Q
Brucella is generally a notifiable disease.
A
T
10
Q
Among Brucella species Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic species for humans.
A
T
11
Q
More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time
in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis.
A
T
12
Q
Brucellosis is generally a notifiable disease.
A
T
13
Q
Brucellosis is a chronic disease
A
T
14
Q
Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
A
T
15
Q
There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same
polysaccharides in the cell wall
A
T
16
Q
Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
A
T
17
Q
Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae.
A
T
18
Q
Brucella can be both acute or chronic in human
A
T
19
Q
Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
A
T
20
Q
Brucella species are widely distributed all over the world.
A
T
21
Q
Brucella species are serologically uniform.
A
F
22
Q
Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture.
A
F
23
Q
Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
A
F
24
Q
Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
A
T
25
Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
T
26
Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
F
27
There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
F
28
B. suis is a zoonotic agent
T
29
Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture.
T
30
Brucella are Gram-positive and Koster-positive bacteria.
F
31
The antigens of Brucella are uniform
F
32
The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans.
T
33
Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
F
34
Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
T
35
There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the
same surface polysaccharides.
F
36
There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world.
T??
37
Most of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents.
T
38
There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis.
F
39
Brucella suis is a zoonotic agent.
T
40
Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Koster-staining
F
41
Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work.
F
42
There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis.
T
43
Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic
institute in abortion case
T
44
Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
T
45
Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Koster-staining
T
46
There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
T
47
All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
F
48
Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU
F
49
In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the
detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show
different results.
T
50
Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
F
51
There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary
importance.
F
52
Brucella are facultative intracellular bacteria.
T
53
With Koster-staining all Brucella are positive
F
54
Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
T??
55
Hungary is Brucella free.
F
56
Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
F
57
Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
T
58
Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
F??
59
Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
T
60
Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
T
61
Brucella is an obligate pathogen
T
62
Brucella are a notifiable disease
T
63
Brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract
T
64
All Brucella can be stained with Koster staining
F
65
There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella.
T
66
Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
T
67
In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
T
68
Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
T
69
Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes.
T
70
An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
F
71
Brucella has average resistance.
T
72
Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere.
F
73
Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
T
74
Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
T
75
Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis.
F
76
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis.
T
77
Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle.
T
78
Brucella suis can infect only pigs:
F
79
Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
T
80
Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
F
Bc hare and dog?
81
Brucella suis can infect dogs
T
82
Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
T
83
Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
T
84
Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis.
T
85
Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
T
86
European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2.
T
87
Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe.
F
88
Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
F
89
B. suis can infect brown hares.
T
90
Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
F
91
Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
F
92
Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis.
T
93
Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent
infection from wild boars
F
94
Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis.
T
95
Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia
only.
F
96
In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis,
because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests.
F
97
Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
F
98
B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
T
99
Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
F
100
Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
T
101
With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
F
102
Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis.
F
103
Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
F
READ THE Q
104
Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
F
105
Brucella suis is the causative agent of porcine brucellosis.
T
106
Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
T
107
In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
F
108
Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
T
109
Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
T
110
Hungary is free from Brucella suis
F
111
Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
T
112
Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents.
T
113
Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy.
T
114
Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
F
115
Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis.
F
116
Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows
T
117
Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
F
118
Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
T
119
Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis.
T
120
Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
F
121
Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle.
T.
122
Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
T
123
ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
T
124
Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
125
Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
F
126
In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
T
127
Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
128
Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows.
T
129
Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed
with the semen.
T
130
Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
T
131
Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
T
132
Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected.
F
133
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis.
F
134
Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
T
135
Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
T
136
Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
F
137
Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
T
138
Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis.
T
139
Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
F
140
Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
F
141
Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
T
142
Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
F
143
The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
F
144
Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
T
145
Calves can be born with Brucella
F
146
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
F
147
Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis.
F
148
B. melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
T
149
In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
T
150
Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis.
T
151
Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
T
152
The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
F
153
Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis.
F
154
Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test.
F
155
ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
T
156
Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease.
T
157
Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886.
F
158
Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
F
159
Bovine brucellosis can be treated well with penicillin
F
160
Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis.
T
161
In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella antigens in the milk.
F
162
Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella.
F
163
Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis.
T
164
Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are
different
T
165
Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease.
T
166
An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis.
F
167
Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease.
T
168
Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd.
T
169
In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory,
because is enough for the diagnosis.
F
170
In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk
F
171
S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
T
172
Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.
T
173
False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the
serodiagnostics brucellosis.
T
174
Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
F
175
ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum
sample.
F
176
Abortion is a frequently seen clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
T
177
Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs.
F
178
Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os.
T
179
After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
T
180
Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection.
F
181
Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease.
F
182
Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
F
183
Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis.
T
184
Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Koster staining
T
185
Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
T becasue could be antigen Elisa
186
ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
F
187
Brucellosis of cattle is a self-limiting disease.
T
188
Cattle infected with brucellosis stay life-long carriers.
T
189
Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls
F
190
Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
T
191
Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
T
192
Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle.
F
193
Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
F
194
Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only.
F
195
Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats.
T?
196
Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
T
197
Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic
institute in case of abortions
T
198
Antibodies against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test.
T
199
Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any
side effects
F
200
Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals.
T
201
Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk.
F
202
B. suis can infect cattle.
T
203
Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
T
204
In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease.
T
205
Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
F
206
Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
F
207
Calves can be born infected with brucellosis.
F
208
B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
T
209
B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle.
T
210
Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries.
F
211
Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic.
T
212
If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until
maturity.
T
213
In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
T
214
Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
F
215
Brucella abortus infects only cattle.
F
216
Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary.
F
217
The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
F
218
Brucella abortus infects only cattle.
F
219
Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as
Brucella ovis.
T
220
Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs.
T
221
Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
F
222
Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle.
F
223
Brucella ovis can infect humans.
F
224
Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world.
T
225
Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
F
226
Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare.
F
227
Brucella ovis is shed in semen.
T
228
Europe is free from Brucella ovis
F
229
Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative.
T
230
Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella
ovis:
T
231
It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
F
232
Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent.
F
233
The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes.
F
234
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical
signs of the disease.
F
235
Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis.
F
236
The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain.
F
237
Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men.
F
238
Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe.
F
239
Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection.
T
240
Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract.
T
241
Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
T
242
Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
F
243
Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
T
244
Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis.
T
245
Brucella ovis infects humans as well.
F
246
Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis.
T
247
Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines.
F
248
Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis.
T
249
B. ovis has a wide host range.
F
250
Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams.
T
251
B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
T
252
B. ovis will cause high fever.
F
253
B. ovis causes severe epididymitis.
T
254
Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis.
F
255
You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange.
F
256
Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis .
F
257
The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams.
T
258
There is no B. ovis in Hungary.
F
259
Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
T
260
Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk.
F
261
AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep.
T
262
The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep.
F
263
Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral.
T
264
B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat.
T
265
Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd.
F
266
Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat.
T
267
Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
F
268
Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
T
269
Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
T
270
Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination.
T
271
B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries.
F
272
B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams.
T
273
There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
T
274
Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary.
F
275
Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis.
T
276
Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep.
T
277
Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
T
278
Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
T
279
Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
F
280
Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe.
F
281
melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe.
F
282
Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis.
T
283
B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting.
T
284
Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine.
T
285
Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
T
286
Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination .
F
287
Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
F
288
Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area.
T
289
Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis.
F
290
Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
T??
291
B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen.
T
292
B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
F
293
In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta.
T
294
Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis.
F
295
In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture.
T
296
In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be
infected by cattle.
T?? not mentioned
297
Hares are susceptible to B. abortus.
F
298
Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
T
299
Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans.
T
300
High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans.
T
301
Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
T
302
Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males.
F
303
Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
T
304
Brucella suis can infect dogs.
T
305
Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis.
T
306
Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
T
307
Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
T
308
Brucella canis is shed in the semen
T
309
Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
T
310
Brucella abortus can infect dogs
T
311
Brucella canis can infect humans
T
312
Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans.
T
313
Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe.
F
314
Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs.
T
315
Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
F
316
The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches.
T
317
For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe.
F
318
Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too.
T
319
Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
T
320
Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
T
321
Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
T
322
Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs.
F
323
In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood.
T
324
Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease.
T
325
Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species.
T
326
Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active
infection
T
327
Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
T
328
Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis.
T
329
Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers.
F
330
Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis.
T
331
Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis.
T
332
Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
F
333
Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis.
F
