Mutations

Question 1

Point/ genetic mutation

Answer 1

gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed (substitutions, deletions, insertions, frame shift mutations)

Question 2

Chromosome mutation

Answer 2

variations in the number and structure of chromosomes (non disjunction, translocation, deletion, inversion)

Question 3

examples of gene mutations

Answer 3

sickle cell, cystic fibrosis, huntington’s diseaase, PKU

Question 4

frameshift mutation

Answer 4

mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide (worst mutation)(point mutation)

Question 5

Non disjunction

Answer 5

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.

Question 6

Translocation

Answer 6

Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome. (chromosome mutation)

Question 7

Deletion

Answer 7

removes a chromosomal segment (chromosome mutation or point mutation)

Question 8

inversion mutation

Answer 8

Mutation in which a chromosome piece reattaches to original chromosome but in reverse orientation(chromosome mutation)

Question 9

Substitution

Answer 9

A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide (point mutation)

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.(point mutation)