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🔬Science🔬 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Observable traits or physical characteristics

A

Phenotype

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2
Q

The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to child

A

Heredity

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3
Q

The unit which directs the structure in behavior of living things are composed of DNA

A

Gene

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4
Q

When you cross homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant and the heterozygous genotype results in a blend between the two traits

A

Incomplete dominance

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5
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

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6
Q

Having two of the same alleles for the same trait AA or aa

A

Homozygous

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7
Q

Breeding a male and a female to see the offspring

A

Cross

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8
Q

This type of reproduction has little variation in the offspring because all of the DNA comes from one parent.

A

Asexual

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9
Q

Special sex cells which contain have the number of chromosomes that are found in the rest of the body cells.

A

Idk

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10
Q

Children

A

Offspring

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11
Q

A gene that will only be expressed if there are two of them because it is the weaker of the two alleles

A

Recessive

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12
Q

Acdifferent forms of the same gene

A

Allele

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13
Q

Having two different alleles for the same trait Aa

A

Heterozygous

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14
Q

Is Jean that will be expressed whenever it is present because it is the stronger of the two alleles

A

Dominant

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15
Q

The scientific study of her physical bio chemical and behavioral traits I transmitted from parents to children

A

Genetics

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16
Q

The process that creates sex cells

A

Meiosis

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17
Q

The process by which a specific genes from one organism is transferred into the DNA of another organism

A

Genetic engineering

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18
Q

The two sides of DNA are held together by weak _____ bonds.

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

DNA is in the shape of a double…

A

Helix

20
Q

The extended name from DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

21
Q

A change in the type or order of the bases in DNA

A

Mutation

22
Q

This base pairs with cytosine

A

Guanine

23
Q

Sections of DNA that codes for a trait

A

Gene

24
Q

When people cross different animals to get desired or specific traits

A

Selective breeding

25
Q

The process of copying DNA

A

Replication

26
Q

In a nucleic acid chain is subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base is…

A

Nucleotide

27
Q

The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of a sugar and

A

A phosphate

28
Q

The “factory” that assembles proteins based on the DNA code is called a(n)

A

Ribosome

29
Q

The organelle in the cell that typically contains DNA

A

Nucleus

30
Q

This base pairs with thymine

A

Adenine

31
Q

What occurs and incomplete dominance

A

To homozygous traits are crossed creating a heterozygous mix between them

32
Q

What are the letters that we used to represent sex chromosomes

A

Male: XY female: XX

33
Q

Gregor Mendel realized from his experiments that each trait has _______ sets of instructions ____ from each parent

A

2

1

34
Q

Both inherited alleles form in organisms

A

Phenotype

35
Q

What is a phenotype

A

The physical appearance of the inherited trait

36
Q

What is homozygous general type

A

Purebred

37
Q

What is heterozygous genotype

A

Hybrid

38
Q

Where can you find DNA

A

In the nucleus

39
Q

What are the four base pairs found it in on a nucleotide

A

Adenine, thymine , cytosine, and guanine

40
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Selective breeding is reading to parents for the desired traits of the offspring

41
Q

Scientist transfer genes from one organism into the DNA of another through the process of

A

Genetic engineering

42
Q

What is a mutation

A

Differences in a nucleotide

43
Q

Identify the three different types of mutations

A

Deletion, insertion, and substitution

44
Q

And asexual reproduction what percent of genes are passed from the parent to the offspring

A

100%

45
Q

In sexual reproduction what percent of the genes are passed from each parent

A

50%

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