Mutation, Repair, and Recombination Flashcards
It is the result of changes in the mRNA codon NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE or alters the genetic information that is passed on during transcription.
Mutations
It SHIFTS THE READING FRAME of the entire DNA chain after the mutation. It includes DELETION MUTATION and INSERTION MUTATION.
Frame Shift Mutations
It is a type of mutation that LOSS OF A SINGLE BASE either spontaneously or due to a damaging mistake in the DNA replication occurs when DNA POLYMERASE synthesizes new DNA slips on the template DNA strand, effectively missing a nucleotide.
Deletion Mutation
It is a type of mutation that ADDS DNA,
which can offset the reading frame.
Insertion Mutation
It is a type of mutation that changes in a SINGLE DNA BASE. It arises when a BASE PAIRS with an INAPPROPRIATE PARTNER during DNA replication.
Point Mutation
Type of Point Mutation in which one PURINE (or pyrimidine) is REPLACED by PURINE or vice versa.
Pyrimidine to Pyrimidine
Purine to Purine
Transition
Type of Point Mutation in which a PURINE
is SUBSTITUTED for a PYRIMIDINE
or vice versa.
Purine to Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine to Purine
Transversion
It is a type of mutation that CHANGE CODON to another for the SAME AMINO ACIDS, so has no effect.
Silent Mutation
It is a type of mutation that CHANGE CODON to a STOP-CODON and terminates synthesis
Non Sense Mutation
It is a type of mutation that CHANGE CODON to another codon for a DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS. If the new amino acid is similar to the old one, the synthesized protein might function.
Missense Mutation
It involves the recognition and REMOVAL OF A SINGLE DAMAGED BASE.
Base-Excision Repair
It is used to REPAIR THE FORMATION of pyrimidine dimers from UV LIGHT within humans.
Nucleotide Excision Repair
It occurs when MISMATCHED BASES are incorporated into the DNA strand during REPLICATION and are not removed by proofreading DNA polymerase.
Mismatch Repair
