Chromosome and Karyotyping Flashcards
It is a process of FINDING A CHROMOSOMAL
characteristics of a cell and it refers to the ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME.
Karyotyping
The STUDY of WHOLE SETS OF CHROMOSOMES.
Karyology
The CHROMOSOMES are depicted in a STANDARD FORMAT.
Ideogram or Karyogram
It is a type of CHROMOSOME if the CENTROMERE DIVIDES it into TWO ARMS of approximately equal length.
Metacentric
It is a type of CHROMOSOME if the CENTROMERE establishes ONE LONG ARM
and ONE SHORT ARM.
Submetacentric
It is a type of CHROMOSOME if the CENTROMERE if it PINCHED OFF ONLY a small amount of MATERIALS TOWARD ONE END.
Arcocentric
It is the MOST WIDELY USED routine banding method. The prepared and “AGED” slides are treated with the enzyme trypsin and then stained with Giemsa.
G-Banding (Giemsa Banding)
A FLUORESCENT TECHNIQUE was the FIRST BANDING METHOD developed for human chromosomes.
Q-Banding (Quinacrine Banding)
The OPPOSITE or REVERSE of the G-BANDING PATTERN. It is a USEFUL TECHNIQUE for the evaluation of euchromatic terminal ends/telomeres that are difficult to visualize with standard G-band techniques.
R-Banding (Reverse Banding)
It is useful for determining the presence of DICENTRIC and PSEUDO DICENTRIC CHROMOSOMES, and for studying marker chromosomes and polymorphic variants.
C-Banding (Constitutive Heterochromatin Banding)
C-Banding formed by the DNA is selectively depurination and denatured by?
Barium Hydroxide
The Chrosome that are present under the C-Banding are?
- Chromosome 1
- Chromosome 9
- Chromosome 16
A HARSHER TREATMENT of the chromosomes diminishes staining except at the HEAT-RESISTANT TELOMERES.
T-Banding (Telomere Banding)
What is USED TO STAIN THE REGIONS that contain GENES FOR RIBOSOMAL RNA?
Silver Nitrate
New techniques using FLUORESCENT DYES generate unique patterns for each chromosome.
Chromosome Painting
It is the range from SINGLE-BASE changes to ENTIRE EXTRA SET OF CHROMOSOMES.
Mutation
It is a DARK COLORED; which consists mostly of highly repetitive DNA sequences.
Heterochromatin
It is a LIGHT COLORED; has many protein-encoding sequences.
Euchromatin
The chromosome tips in humans, and each telomere REPEATS THE SEQUENCE TTAGGG.
Telomeres
The LARGEST CONSTRICTION of a chromosome. It is where SPINDLE FIBERS attach when the cell divides.
Centromeres
It CONTACTS THE SPINDLE FIBERS, enabling the cell to divide.
Kinetochores
The chromosome parts lie between PROTEIN-RICH AREAS and the TELOMERES.
Subtelomeres
It introduced the ability to highlight individual genes. It can “PAINT” entire karyotypes by probing each chromosome with several different fluorescent molecules.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
Cells MISSING a SINGLE CHROMOSOME or having an extra chromosome; “NOT GOOD SET”.
Aneuploid
A normal chromosome number; “GOOD SET”.
Euploid
Cells with ONE MISSING CHROMOSOME.
Monosomy
The MEIOTIC ERROR that CAUSED ANUEPLOID.
Nondisjunction
A female with one X
45, X
A male with an extra X
47, XXY
A male with an extra Y
47, XYY
A male missing part of the long arm
of chromosome 7
46, XY
A female with trisomy 21 Down
syndrome
47, XX
A male with an extra X and an extra
Y chromosome
48, XXYY
The result of another MEIOTIC ERROR leads to UNBALANCE GENETIC MATERIAL.
Isochromosome
A chromosome in which TWO SHORT ARMS of NON-HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES BREAK and THE LONG ARM FUSE, form ONE UNUSUAL, large chromosome.
Robertsoninan Translocation
A chromosome in which TWO NON-HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME EXCHANGE PARTS, conserving GENETIC BALANCE but REARRANGING GENES.
Reciprocal Translocation
A chromosomal inversion in which the inverted section DOES NOT include the centromere.
Paracentric Inversion
