Genetic Materials: DNA and RNA

Question 1

He Isolated nuclein in WHITE BLOOD CELL nuclei.

Answer 1

Friedrich Miescher, 1869

Question 2

He Transferred the KILLING ABILITY between TYPES OF BACTERIA.

Answer 2

Frederick Griffith, 1928

Question 3

They Discovered that DNA TRANSMITS KILLING ability in BACTERIA.

Answer 3

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty, 1940s

Question 4

They Determined that the part of a VIRUS that INFECTS and REPLICATES is its nucleic acid and not its protein.

Answer 4

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, 1950

Question 5

They Discovered DNA COMPONENTS, PROPORTIONS, and POSITIONS.

Answer 5

Phoebus Levene, Erwin Chargaff, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin, 1909 - 1950s

Question 6

Elucidated DNA’s THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE.

Answer 6

James Watson and Francis Crick, 1953

Question 7

Had his GENOME SEQUENCED

Answer 7

James Watson, 2008

Question 8

ONE or MORE LONG CHAINS of AMINO ACIDS that a protein consists of; a series of peptides.

Answer 8

Polypeptides

Question 9

A SHORTER CHAINS of AMINO ACIDS.

Answer 9

Peptides

Question 10

What is a SINGLE BLOCK of DNA?

Answer 10

Nucleotide

Question 11

What is the NUCLEOBASE of PURINE?

Answer 11

Adenosine (A) and Guanine (G)

Question 12

What is the NUCLEOBASE of PYRIMIDINE?

Answer 12

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)

Question 13

Nitrogenous bases which have a TWO-RINGS structure.

Answer 13

Purine

Question 14

Nitrogenous bases which have a SINGLE-RINGS structure.

Answer 14

Pyrimidine

Question 15

The opposing orientation of the TWO NUCLEOTIDE CHAINS in a DNA molecule is called?

Answer 15

Antiparallelism

Question 16

On a smaller scale, the DNA COILS around
proteins called?

Answer 16

Histones

Question 17

A DNA “BEAD” is called?

Answer 17

Nucleosome

Question 18

It is usually DOUBLE-STRANDED, with DEOXIRIBOSE as the sugar, and THYMINE as a base.

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

It is usually SINGLE-STRANDED, with RIBOSE as the sugar, and URACIL as a base.

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

It is also known as “COLORED MATERIALS”, the chromosome substance is called?

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

It is an INFORMATION-CONTAINING part of DNA because they FORM SEQUENCE.

Answer 21

Nitrogenous Base

Question 22

It is specific to PURINE-PYRIMIDINE couples.

Answer 22

Complementary Base Pairs

Question 23

How many HYDROGEN BONDS join together in A and T?

Answer 23

2 Hydrogen Bonds

Question 24

How many HYDROGEN BONDS join together in G and C?

Answer 24

3 Hydrogen Bonds

Question 25

It is the combination of MULTIPLE NUCLEOTIDES attached by strong attachments called PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS between the deoxyribose sugars and the phosphates. This creates a continuous SUGAR-PHOSPHATE BACKBONE.

Answer 25

Polynucleotide Chains

Question 26

It is form FRAMEWORKS that guides DNA STRAND.

Answer 26

Scaffold Proteins

Question 27

Each new DNA DOUBLE HELIX CONSERVES half of the original.

Answer 27

Semiconservatice

Question 28

It is an UNWINDING PROTEIN that breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair.

Answer 28

Helicase

Question 29

It HOLDS the TWO SINGLE STRANDS apart.

Answer 29

Binding Proteins

Question 30

It JOINS OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS and seals other nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Answer 30

Ligase

Question 31

A BIOTECHNOLOGY that researchers USE when REPLICATING DNA is conducted outside cells.

Answer 31

DNA Amplification

Question 32

It is the first and best-known DNA AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUE. It uses DNA polymerase to rapidly replicate a specific DNA sequence in a test tube.

Answer 32

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)