Genetic Materials: DNA and RNA Flashcards
He Isolated nuclein in WHITE BLOOD CELL nuclei.
Friedrich Miescher, 1869
He Transferred the KILLING ABILITY between TYPES OF BACTERIA.
Frederick Griffith, 1928
They Discovered that DNA TRANSMITS KILLING ability in BACTERIA.
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty, 1940s
They Determined that the part of a VIRUS that INFECTS and REPLICATES is its nucleic acid and not its protein.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, 1950
They Discovered DNA COMPONENTS, PROPORTIONS, and POSITIONS.
Phoebus Levene, Erwin Chargaff, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin, 1909 - 1950s
Elucidated DNA’s THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE.
James Watson and Francis Crick, 1953
Had his GENOME SEQUENCED
James Watson, 2008
ONE or MORE LONG CHAINS of AMINO ACIDS that a protein consists of; a series of peptides.
Polypeptides
A SHORTER CHAINS of AMINO ACIDS.
Peptides
What is a SINGLE BLOCK of DNA?
Nucleotide
What is the NUCLEOBASE of PURINE?
Adenosine (A) and Guanine (G)
What is the NUCLEOBASE of PYRIMIDINE?
Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)
Nitrogenous bases which have a TWO-RINGS structure.
Purine
Nitrogenous bases which have a SINGLE-RINGS structure.
Pyrimidine
The opposing orientation of the TWO NUCLEOTIDE CHAINS in a DNA molecule is called?
Antiparallelism
On a smaller scale, the DNA COILS around
proteins called?
Histones
A DNA “BEAD” is called?
Nucleosome
It is usually DOUBLE-STRANDED, with DEOXIRIBOSE as the sugar, and THYMINE as a base.
DNA
It is usually SINGLE-STRANDED, with RIBOSE as the sugar, and URACIL as a base.
RNA
It is also known as “COLORED MATERIALS”, the chromosome substance is called?
Chromatin
It is an INFORMATION-CONTAINING part of DNA because they FORM SEQUENCE.
Nitrogenous Base
It is specific to PURINE-PYRIMIDINE couples.
Complementary Base Pairs
How many HYDROGEN BONDS join together in A and T?
2 Hydrogen Bonds
How many HYDROGEN BONDS join together in G and C?
3 Hydrogen Bonds
It is the combination of MULTIPLE NUCLEOTIDES attached by strong attachments called PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS between the deoxyribose sugars and the phosphates. This creates a continuous SUGAR-PHOSPHATE BACKBONE.
Polynucleotide Chains
It is form FRAMEWORKS that guides DNA STRAND.
Scaffold Proteins
Each new DNA DOUBLE HELIX CONSERVES half of the original.
Semiconservatice
It is an UNWINDING PROTEIN that breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair.
Helicase
It HOLDS the TWO SINGLE STRANDS apart.
Binding Proteins
It JOINS OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS and seals other nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Ligase
A BIOTECHNOLOGY that researchers USE when REPLICATING DNA is conducted outside cells.
DNA Amplification
It is the first and best-known DNA AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUE. It uses DNA polymerase to rapidly replicate a specific DNA sequence in a test tube.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
