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Muslim Culture Flashcards

1
Q

Muhammad

A

Was born in the town of Mecca, when he was 40 years old heard the angle Gabriel called him to be the messenger of god. Was a merchant. Was the last and greatest prophet.

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2
Q

Mecca

A

Town where Muhammad was born, is the starting place for HIS journey called Hijra to Yathrib

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3
Q

Yathrib

A

City that Muhammed journeyed to, was later renamed Medina, or “ city of the prophet”

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4
Q

What year did the Muslim calendar start?

A

622

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5
Q

Kaaba

A

Temple that Muhammed rededicated to Allah

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6
Q

Qur’an

A

Island holy book that contains the message revealed to Muhammed by Allah. It helps the Muslims with social and Moral codes, tells them god is merciful, and that people are responsible for their own actions

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7
Q

Mosques

A

House of prayer

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8
Q

Hajj

A

OUR Pilgrimage to Mecca

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9
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle in Gods service

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10
Q

What are the five pillars???

A

Declaration of faith-“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet/messenger”

Prayer (5 times a day)

Alms (support poor, 2.5% of annual savings)

Fasting (during holy month of Ramadan, no eating from sunrise till sunset)

Pilgrimage, (to Mecca, at least once in a persons life if physically and financially able)

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11
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic law, both religious and political in the past. Teaches you how to actually practice Islam

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12
Q

Abu bakr

A

Muhammed father in law, became leader of Shi’ites Muslims

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13
Q

Caliph

A

Successor to Muhammed

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14
Q

What is the difference between the Sunni’s and the Shi’ites??????????

A

Sunni’s believe any good Muslim can lead, Shiite’s believe that it has to be a direct descendant from Muhammed

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15
Q

Sufis

A

Mystics who seek communication with god through meditation, fasting, and many other different rituals

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16
Q

Umayyad caliphate

A

A dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire until 750.
Their capital was Damascus (Syria). They Concorde Spain, France, and places in north Africa. Battle of Tours ended their expansion

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17
Q

Baghdad

A

Site of 2nd caliph Al-Mansur’s capital

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18
Q

How many Pillars of Faith are there?

A

5

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19
Q

Abbasids

A

Abu al-Abbas was a resend any from Muhammad’s family, and he captured Damascus in 750, then managed to kill almost all off the Umayyad family except for one member, bringing in the Abbasid dynasty that lasted till 1258

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20
Q

Minarets

A

Towers that 5 times a day people called for others to pray each day

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21
Q

What is the difference between sultan’s and a Caliph

A

Sultan-head of Empire

Caliph-head of Muslims

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22
Q

What does Ottoman mean???

A

Follower of Osman

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23
Q

Calligraphy

A

The art of beautiful hand writing

24
Q

Ibn Khaldun

A

Set standards for the scientific study of history, urged historians to trust resources only after investigation

25
Ibn Rushd
Philosopher who put all the knowledge except for the Quran to the test of reason
26
Al-khwarizmi
One of the greatest Muslim mathematics, he pioneered the study of algebra, and in the 800's he wrote a book that was translated into Latin, that became one of the most used in Europe
27
Muhammed al-Razi
Head physician at Baghdad's chief hospital, that theorized you need to treat the mind as well as the body, studied and wrote books on measles and smallpox
28
Ibn Sina
At 16 was a doctor for Persian nobles, and wrote a book on what Greeks arabs and himself learned about diagnosing and treating disease
29
Delhi
Capital that Sultan Ghur chose
30
Sikhism
A religion created by a man called Nanak in northern India
31
Babur
(Mongol) Claimed descendant from Genghis Khan, was the leader of the Turkish and Mongol armies invading india. Was a military leader and genius, poet, and an author of a detailed book of memoirs
32
The Mughal dynasty
Lasted from 1256-1857, it was set up by Babur, after he got rid of the last of the Delhi Sultanate (Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol)
33
Akbar
Babur's grandson, was the chief builder of the Mughal empire during his rein from 1556-1605. he also created a strong central gov., which earned him the title Akbar the great. Ended the taxes on non Muslims.
34
Taj Mahal
Mumtaz's resting place, created by her husband Shah Jahan
35
Delhi
City where Muslims set up their capital in 1200, lasted 200 years, they built 30 colleges 100 hospitals and 200 towns
36
In 1398, where did the Mongols that invaded india come from? What did they do?
Asia, they destroyed Delhi but never actually settled on their newly destroyed lands
37
Ottomans
Turkish speaking NOMADIC people
38
Mehmet the 2nd
1452 conquest against Constantinople (had 30 ft long commons, 1,200 lb boulders) The guy who remained it Istanbul
39
What was Constantinople re-named?
Istanbul
40
Jihad
To struggle. Applies to all aspects of life, Quran only supports armed struggles in case of self defense
41
Moors
Spanish Muslim kingdoms
42
The great Mosque
Built during Muslim rule in Spain on a sight that had once been a christen church. It's architecture is very unique, and it's prayer hall has 500 Collins
43
Ghazi Turks
Muslim warriors dedicated to Jihad. Osman carved out a Ghazi state in the anatolia Had gunpowder, muskets, and cannons
44
Suleiman the magnificent
Brought Ottoman Empire to its greatest power in the 16th century Conquered modern Hungary and Greece (was stopped at Vienna) Killed oldest son, exiled 2nd oldest, made dumb 3rd one heir
45
The ottoman empire survived till...
1918
46
Damascus
CAPITAL of Syria
47
Seljuk Turks
They Migrated from the North Iranian provinces in Ventral Asia into mainland Iran formerly known as persia
48
The 4 classes of society
Top- Men of the sword (defense) Men of the pen (educated people ((judges, poets, lawyers, scientists, etc...))) Men of negotiations (merchants) Men of husbandry (farmers and herders)
49
Mshah Abbas
Revived the glory of ancient Persia, made new CAPITAL Isfahan which became the center of international silk trade. It brought thousands of Armenians to it. The empire slowly collapsed after his death
50
Seeks (or could be Sieks, Seiks?)
Hinduism+Islam, they believed in reincarnation, but their Monotheists
51
Community of Muslims
Umma
52
Muezzin
Person ego calls the faithful to the prayer at Mosques
53
Nur Jahan
Wife to Akbar's son Jahangir, she was in control of most of the details of the Gov., and was the most powerful woman in Indian history till the 20th century
54
Jainizaries- the elite force
Ottomans would make christens pay a tax by having their younger sons for government service. They would bd converted to Islam and would go off to training school
55
Safavid dynasty
Began in the 1500's, it united an empire in Persia. They were sandwiched between Mughal India and the ottoman empire.
56
Tehran
The capital of the Qajars, after they won control of Iran. They ruled till 1925

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