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World History > Muslim Culture > Flashcards

Muslim Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

Muhammad

A

Was born in the town of Mecca, when he was 40 years old heard the angle Gabriel called him to be the messenger of god. Was a merchant. Was the last and greatest prophet.

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2
Q

Mecca

A

Town where Muhammad was born, is the starting place for HIS journey called Hijra to Yathrib

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3
Q

Yathrib

A

City that Muhammed journeyed to, was later renamed Medina, or “ city of the prophet”

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4
Q

What year did the Muslim calendar start?

A

622

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5
Q

Kaaba

A

Temple that Muhammed rededicated to Allah

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6
Q

Qur’an

A

Island holy book that contains the message revealed to Muhammed by Allah. It helps the Muslims with social and Moral codes, tells them god is merciful, and that people are responsible for their own actions

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7
Q

Mosques

A

House of prayer

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8
Q

Hajj

A

OUR Pilgrimage to Mecca

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9
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle in Gods service

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10
Q

What are the five pillars???

A

Declaration of faith-“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet/messenger”

Prayer (5 times a day)

Alms (support poor, 2.5% of annual savings)

Fasting (during holy month of Ramadan, no eating from sunrise till sunset)

Pilgrimage, (to Mecca, at least once in a persons life if physically and financially able)

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11
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic law, both religious and political in the past. Teaches you how to actually practice Islam

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12
Q

Abu bakr

A

Muhammed father in law, became leader of Shi’ites Muslims

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13
Q

Caliph

A

Successor to Muhammed

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14
Q

What is the difference between the Sunni’s and the Shi’ites??????????

A

Sunni’s believe any good Muslim can lead, Shiite’s believe that it has to be a direct descendant from Muhammed

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15
Q

Sufis

A

Mystics who seek communication with god through meditation, fasting, and many other different rituals

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16
Q

Umayyad caliphate

A

A dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire until 750.
Their capital was Damascus (Syria). They Concorde Spain, France, and places in north Africa. Battle of Tours ended their expansion

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17
Q

Baghdad

A

Site of 2nd caliph Al-Mansur’s capital

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18
Q

How many Pillars of Faith are there?

A

5

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19
Q

Abbasids

A

Abu al-Abbas was a resend any from Muhammad’s family, and he captured Damascus in 750, then managed to kill almost all off the Umayyad family except for one member, bringing in the Abbasid dynasty that lasted till 1258

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20
Q

Minarets

A

Towers that 5 times a day people called for others to pray each day

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21
Q

What is the difference between sultan’s and a Caliph

A

Sultan-head of Empire

Caliph-head of Muslims

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22
Q

What does Ottoman mean???

A

Follower of Osman

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23
Q

Calligraphy

A

The art of beautiful hand writing

24
Q

Ibn Khaldun

A

Set standards for the scientific study of history, urged historians to trust resources only after investigation

25
Q

Ibn Rushd

A

Philosopher who put all the knowledge except for the Quran to the test of reason

26
Q

Al-khwarizmi

A

One of the greatest Muslim mathematics, he pioneered the study of algebra, and in the 800’s he wrote a book that was translated into Latin, that became one of the most used in Europe

27
Q

Muhammed al-Razi

A

Head physician at Baghdad’s chief hospital, that theorized you need to treat the mind as well as the body, studied and wrote books on measles and smallpox

28
Q

Ibn Sina

A

At 16 was a doctor for Persian nobles, and wrote a book on what Greeks arabs and himself learned about diagnosing and treating disease

29
Q

Delhi

A

Capital that Sultan Ghur chose

30
Q

Sikhism

A

A religion created by a man called Nanak in northern India

31
Q

Babur

A

(Mongol) Claimed descendant from Genghis Khan, was the leader of the Turkish and Mongol armies invading india. Was a military leader and genius, poet, and an author of a detailed book of memoirs

32
Q

The Mughal dynasty

A

Lasted from 1256-1857, it was set up by Babur, after he got rid of the last of the Delhi Sultanate

(Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol)

33
Q

Akbar

A

Babur’s grandson, was the chief builder of the Mughal empire during his rein from 1556-1605. he also created a strong central gov., which earned him the title Akbar the great. Ended the taxes on non Muslims.

34
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Mumtaz’s resting place, created by her husband Shah Jahan

35
Q

Delhi

A

City where Muslims set up their capital in 1200, lasted 200 years, they built 30 colleges 100 hospitals and 200 towns

36
Q

In 1398, where did the Mongols that invaded india come from?

What did they do?

A

Asia, they destroyed Delhi but never actually settled on their newly destroyed lands

37
Q

Ottomans

A

Turkish speaking NOMADIC people

38
Q

Mehmet the 2nd

A

1452 conquest against Constantinople (had 30 ft long commons, 1,200 lb boulders)

The guy who remained it Istanbul

39
Q

What was Constantinople re-named?

A

Istanbul

40
Q

Jihad

A

To struggle.

Applies to all aspects of life, Quran only supports armed struggles in case of self defense

41
Q

Moors

A

Spanish Muslim kingdoms

42
Q

The great Mosque

A

Built during Muslim rule in Spain on a sight that had once been a christen church. It’s architecture is very unique, and it’s prayer hall has 500 Collins

43
Q

Ghazi Turks

A

Muslim warriors dedicated to Jihad.

Osman carved out a Ghazi state in the anatolia

Had gunpowder, muskets, and cannons

44
Q

Suleiman the magnificent

A

Brought Ottoman Empire to its greatest power in the 16th century

Conquered modern Hungary and Greece (was stopped at Vienna)

Killed oldest son, exiled 2nd oldest, made dumb 3rd one heir

45
Q

The ottoman empire survived till…

A

1918

46
Q

Damascus

A

CAPITAL of Syria

47
Q

Seljuk Turks

A

They Migrated from the North Iranian provinces in Ventral Asia into mainland Iran formerly known as persia

48
Q

The 4 classes of society

A

Top- Men of the sword (defense)
Men of the pen (educated people ((judges, poets, lawyers, scientists, etc…)))
Men of negotiations (merchants)
Men of husbandry (farmers and herders)

49
Q

Mshah Abbas

A

Revived the glory of ancient Persia, made new CAPITAL Isfahan which became the center of international silk trade. It brought thousands of Armenians to it. The empire slowly collapsed after his death

50
Q

Seeks (or could be Sieks, Seiks?)

A

Hinduism+Islam, they believed in reincarnation, but their Monotheists

51
Q

Community of Muslims

A

Umma

52
Q

Muezzin

A

Person ego calls the faithful to the prayer at Mosques

53
Q

Nur Jahan

A

Wife to Akbar’s son Jahangir, she was in control of most of the details of the Gov., and was the most powerful woman in Indian history till the 20th century

54
Q

Jainizaries- the elite force

A

Ottomans would make christens pay a tax by having their younger sons for government service. They would bd converted to Islam and would go off to training school

55
Q

Safavid dynasty

A

Began in the 1500’s, it united an empire in Persia. They were sandwiched between Mughal India and the ottoman empire.

56
Q

Tehran

A

The capital of the Qajars, after they won control of Iran. They ruled till 1925

World History (9 decks)

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