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World History > Middles Ages > Flashcards

Middles Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

Common law

A

A legal system based on court rulings. It applied to all of England

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2
Q

Jury

A

Group of men sworn to speak the truth in court. Decide which cases to use for the court.

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3
Q

King John

A

Son of king henry the 2nd, he was an Enemy of King Phillip the 2nd of France, Pope innocent the 3rd, and his own English Nobles. Fought Philip and lost parts of France, fought pope over who should choose the arch bishop, and got excommunicated. In order to save his crown, he accepted England as a fief of papacy and payed a yearly fee to Rome from then on

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4
Q

Magna Carta

A

A great charted (document) that said nobles had certain rights (over time those rights went on to the English citizens), and Monarchs had to obey the law

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5
Q

Due process of law

A

Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizens entitlement

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6
Q

Habeas corpus

A

The principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

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7
Q

Parliament

A

The highest legislator (a person who makes laws),consisting of sovereign, the house of lords, and the house of commons

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8
Q

Louis IX

A

Led two crusades against muslims, was a king of England, persecuted heretics (people who believed in the church) and Jews, was declared a st. 30 years after his death

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9
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

A multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the middle ages and continued until its end in 1806 😝

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10
Q

HRE Henry IV

A

Was the King of Germany, was a holy roman emperor, feuded with Pope Gregory VII over who should lay investiture, Gregory excommunicated him, but when Henry asked for forgiveness as a sinner Gregory had to free him of excommunication, and Henry lead an army to Rome Forcing Gregory into hiding

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11
Q

Pope Gregory VII

A

Had a feud with Henry IV over who should lay investors

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12
Q

Lay investure

A

Appointing of clergy 😝

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13
Q

Frederic Barbarossa

A

Otherwise know as red beard, wanted to build an Empire from the Baltic to the Adriatic. He tried to take wealthy Italian cites, but they got help from the pope and they stopped him

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14
Q

Pipe innocent the third

A

Claimed Supremacy over all worldly rulers, launched a Crusade against the Albigensian’s in southern France. They were regarded as heretics

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15
Q

Crusades

A

Holy wars

There were 4 of them

(LOOK THEM UP IN CLASS NOTES❕❕❕❕❕❕❕)

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16
Q

Holy Land

A

Jerusalem and other places in Palestine.

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17
Q

Pope Urban II

A

Alexius, the king of the Byzantine empire asked him to send reinforcements to help him fight the Muslims. Popes and Byzantine emperors we’re long time rivals, but he agreed. And that’s how the first Crusade started

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18
Q

Reconquista

A

Reconquest

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19
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella

A

They made the final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada. It fell in 1492, and the reconquista

20
Q

Inquisition

A

Assigned by the church, they inquisition would torture people into confessing heretics, then burn them

21
Q

Scholasticism

A

Using reason to support Christine beliefs

22
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

A Scholastic, concluded faith and reason exist in harmony. So he basically brought together Greek philosophy and Christian faith

23
Q

Vernacular

A

Everyday languages of the people, such as French, German, and Italian.

24
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

An Italian poet, wrote a poem about an imaginary journey to hell and purgatory. There, souls await forgiveness. At the end its about heaven. “Abandon all hope ye that enter here” maker

25
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

Wrote Canterbury tales, story’s about pilgrimages, one of which goes to st. Thomas Beckets tomb

26
Q

Gothic

A

It’s most important example, was the flying buttress, or rather stone supports that stood outside the church. Theses supports allowed builders to make higher and thinner walls, in order to make incredibly high ceilings and leave room for stain glass windows.

Another example is Romans had smaller windows

27
Q

The black death

A

Plague that struck most of Europe. Took out one out of every three people. Worst death, even worse than any war in history

28
Q

Schism

A

A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief

29
Q

Anglo Saxon chronicles

A

An Early history of England, mostly written by different members of the clergy, was about events on warfare and important of the time

30
Q

Edward the confessor

A

Second to last Anglo saxon king, was very religious, before he died pronounced Harold his successor even though his Cousin William of Normandy said he already promised it to him

31
Q

Harold

A

Last Anglo Saxon king of England, died at the battle of Hastings trying to get the throne

32
Q

Battle of Stamford bridge

A

Battle where Harold defeated Tostig, his brother

33
Q

Bayeux tapestry

A

Depicts Norman conquest from beginning to end, ends at the battle of Hastings

34
Q

Tower of London

A

Built as a prison almost a Melanie’s ago, so the newly crowned king William of Normandy could keep his new subjects in line.

Could also be used to keep track of trade and keep an eye out for invaders

35
Q

Domesday book

A

William of Normandy authorized it, it said how much each man owned and how much it was worth

36
Q

Parliament

A

At first, it had been nothing more than a gathering of men who summoned the king to him talk about matters of law or the state. After many years, parliament had to give its consent for new taxes

37
Q

Absolute monarchy

A

The ultimate authority who ran the state (the king)

38
Q

Estates General

A

Social hierarchy in France

Clergy
Nobility
Everyone else

39
Q

Philip the fourth of France

A

King if France who secured royal power by creating wars against other neighbors

40
Q

Pope Clement V

A

Instead of being appointed by Cardinals, he was appointed by king Phillip IV. The same king also appointed a lot of Grench cardinals so the pope would almost always be French. He forced him to declare pope Boniface VIII’s “Clericis Laicos” invalid. That made it so clergy couldn’t pay subsidies to lay authority’s.

41
Q

Battle of Hastings

A

William the Conquerer defeats Harold

42
Q

Saladin

A

Ruler of Egypt, launched a few crusades and made a treaty with king Richard to let them keep Jerusalem

43
Q

King Richard

A

Negotiated with Saladin for Christians right to visit Jerusalem

44
Q

Thomas Becket

A

Arch bishop who did not want king Henry to try clergy in royal courts. One day 4 knights heard him shouting who will rid me if him, and they killed him

45
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

Wrote Canterbury tales

46
Q

William the Conqueror

A

Was in the battle of Hastings, beat Harold and became king on Christmas day in 1066

World History (9 decks)

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