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Musical Theatre Final Flashcards

1
Q

Diversionary entertainments
§ Grease, Annie, etc.
§ Integrated musicals
The rise of the Concept Musical

A

1970s

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2
Q 
○ No linear narrative plots
		○ Fragmented structure of scenes
		○ Unified by theme (or "concept")
		○ Strong, complicated characters 
			§ Often introspective
		○ NOT a revue!
			§ Difference=character
		○ Often ironic tone
		○ Jones: 1968-1978
Fueled by 70s self absorption
A

The Concept Musical

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3
Q 
○ Culture Wars, civil rights backlash
		○ 2nd wave feminism
		○ Nixon Scandals
		○ Bad recessions
		○ Society turned inward
Rise of Therapy
A

1970s in context

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4
Q

Most closely associated w/concept Musical

A

Hal Prince & Stephen Sondheim

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5
Q 
○ Most celebrated composer alive
		○ Well to do parents in NYC
		○ Age 10: Parents divorced
			§ Father left for another woman
		○ Moved to rural PA
		○ Became friends with Jimmy Hammerstein!
		○ Oscar Hammerstein II= surrogate father
Saw Oklahoma! At 13
A

Stephen Sondheim (1930-?)

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6
Q

○ 1957-West Side Story (lyrics)
○ 1959- Gypsy (lyrics)
1962-A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (music & Lyrics)

A

Sondheim Early Credits

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7
Q

○ Company (1970)
○ A Little Night Music (1973)
Sweeney Todd (1979)

A

Sondheim Major Works: 1970s

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8
Q

○ Sunday in the Park with George (1984)
○ Into the Woods (1987)
Assasins (1990)

A

Sondheim: Major Works: 1980s & 90s

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9
Q

○ Complicates, challenging music
○ Complicated characters
○ Ambitious themes
Mature, ambiguous stories

A

Sondheim Hallmarks

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10
Q 
○ Music & lyrics: Sondheim
		○ Book: George Furth
		○ Director: Hal Prince
		○ 705 Performances
		○ Deliberately fragmented
		○ Takes place in Robert's head
Paradox!
A

Company (1970)

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11
Q

Elements of both concept & integrated musicals

A

Hybrid Musical

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12
Q 
○ Music: John Kander 
		○ Lyrics: Fredd Ebb
		○ Book Joe Masteroff
			§ Adapted from the berlin stories Christopher Isherwood
		○ 1165 performances
Director Hal Prince
A

Cabaret (1966)

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13
Q 
○ 1966: Director: Hal Prince
		○ 1972: Movie Dir: Bob Fosse
		○ 1987: Revivial (eh)
		○ 1993: Director: Sam Mendes
			§ London
			§ Actual Nightclub Setting
		○ 1998: Restaged for B'way
Co Directed by Rob Marshall & Sam Mendes
A

Cabaret Stage Versions

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14
Q 
○ Homosexuality & bisexuality
			§ Cliff
			§ Emcee
		○ Altered score & libretto
Performance venue
A

Differences btwn 1966 & 1998 Cabaret

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15
Q

○ Meeskite
○ The Money Song
Why should I wake up?

A

Songs cut in Cabaret ‘98 version

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16
Q 
○ Mein Herr
		○ Maybe this time
		○ Money Money Money
		○ I don't care much
Cut it, sung by prostitute in og version. Now sung by emcee
A

Songs added in Cabaret ‘72 kept for ‘98 version

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17
Q

○ “If you could see her through my eyes”
§ ‘66: Jews threatened to boycott
‘72: Line stayed in (barely)

A

Accusations of Cabaret Anti-Semitism

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18
Q 
• Integrated -> Concept
		○ Oklahoma
		○ Cabaret (1966) (closer to oklahoma)
		○ Chicago (1975) (Middle)
		○ Company
A

• Hybrid Scale

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19
Q 
○ Music: John Kander
		○ Lyrics: Fred Ebb
		○ Book: Ebb & Fosse
		○ 936 perfs
Dir/Choreo: Bob Fosse
A

Chicago (1975)

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20
Q

○ Conceived/director/choreo: Michael Bennett
○ Book: James Kirkwood & Nicholas Dante*
○ Music: Marvin Hamlish (2nd pegot winner)
○ Lyrics: edward kleban
6137 Performances

A

A Chorus Line (1975)

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21
Q

○ Performers- actors dancer etc.
○ “Assistants”
§ Contributions often Minimized, erased
Agnes DeMille

A

Women in 20th Century Broadway

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22
Q

○ Writing partner: Adolph Green
○ Lyricists, Librettists, & Screenwriter
○ On the Town (1944)
§ 3 sailors on 24 hour shore leave in NYC
Movie: Singin’ in the Rain (1952)

A

Betty Comden (1917-2006)

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23
Q 
○ Music: L. Bernstein
		○ Book & Lyrics: Comden & Green
		○ Perfs: 462 
		○ Dir: George Abbott
Choreo: Jerome Robbins
A

On the Town (1944)

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24
Q

○ Lyricist & Librettist
○ Annie Get Your Gun (1946)
Wrote book with brother Herbert

A

Dorothy Fields (1904-1974)

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25
Q 
○ Music: Cy Coleman
		○ Lyrics: Dorothy Fields
		○ Book: Neil Simon
		○ Charity, a taxi dancer, searches for love
		○ Proto-Feminist 
"Something Better than This"
A

Sweet Charity (1966)

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26
Q 
○ Director & Choreographer
		○ Film Director
		○ Won Multiple Tony's & Oscars
		○ Notoriuos Womanizer
Beloved by his collaborators
A

Bob Fosse (1927-1987)

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27
Q

○ Bob Fosse: Dir/Choreo

Gwen Verson: Dancer/Collaborator

A

Bob Fosse & Gwen Verdon

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28
Q

○ Women!
○ Hats, gloves, canes, chairs
○ Slouchy shoulders, knock knees
Odd angles

A

Fosse Hallmarks

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29
Q

○ Fosse’s girlfriend for 4 years before his death
○ Reinking: Performer/ choreograpger
○ Together w/ Verdon, protect his legacy
1996: Choreographed/ starred in Chicago

A

Fosse & Ann Reinking

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30
Q

○ Nostalgia
§ Revivals & Revues
○ The Mega Musical
Irony

A

End-Century Trends

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31
Q

○ Yearning to return to a real or idealized past

Starts in 1970s

A

Nostalgia

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32
Q

○ Discontent w/present
○ Past often Romanticized
Example: Grease, Annie

A

Ingredients for Nostalgia

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33
Q 
○ Pastiche
			§ Parody but without the mockery
			§ Homage
		○ Hair/clothes
		○ Feel-Good ending
Fantasy of the 50s/ 60s
A

Grease vs Hairspray

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34
Q 
○ Ronald Reagan
			§ Nostalgia!
		○ Iran-Contra
		○ AIDS
Shaky economy
A

1980s

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35
Q 
○ Bill Clinton
			§ Money & sex scandals!
		○ Recession (early 90s)
		○ Dot Com boon (late 90s)
		○ WTC & OK City Bombing
		○ Columbine
Y2K
	• Bring on the nostalgia
AIDS killed a generation of artists
A

1990s

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36
Q

○ 44 revivals btwn 1979 & 2000
§ Chicago
Guys & Dolls, etc.

A

Revivals

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37
Q

○ Nostalgia
○ Economics!
§ Broadway= Expensive
Revival= safe bet

A

Why Revivals so Popular

38
Q

○ Show featuring popular music, usually from one artist or era
○ Can be integrated or revue form
Examples: Mama Mia! Motown

A

Jukebox Musicals

39
Q 
○ 1970: Compnay
			§ Investment: $530,000
			§ (Extra money) Profit: $245,000
		○ 1982: Nine
			§ Investment: $2,750,000
Profit: $546,000
A

Sharp increase in costs

40
Q

○ Budgets increase
○ Ticket Prices Increase
Sell to tourists

A

Economic factors 80’s-90’s

41
Q 
○ 1970s
			§ Sex shops
			§ Drug users
			§ No Tourists
		○ 1980s:
			§ Rezoning Laws
				□ What businesses can be where
			§ Eminent Domain Laws
				□ If the city decides they need your property for a civic reason, they can buy it from you
		○ 1990s:
			§ Disney!
Buy New Amsterdam Theatre
A

Effort to Clean up Times Square

42
Q

○ Former home to Ziegfeld Follies
○ Disrepair
○ Sold to Disney in ‘93
Reopened in ‘97

A

New Amsterdam Theatre

43
Q 
○ Appetite for Spectacle
			§ Chicken/egg
			§ Beauty & the Beast 1994 Tonys
		○ "Theme Park" experience
			§ Tourists
			§ Event Experience
		○ Global Marketplace
Sell shows to the world
A

“Disney-fication of B’way

44
Q 
○ OLD
			§ Independent Producer
			§ Medium Sized
			§ Audience: New Yorkers
		○ New
			§ Corporations
			§ BIG!!!
Audience: Tourists
A

New B’way Economics

45
Q

○ Nostalgia + (Spectacle x Tourism)= shift in expectation
○ Audience seeks the familiar
§ Want a show that they know they’ll like
§ Disney land
Seek Event Evenings

A

End of the 20th Century

46
Q 
○ Big 
		○ Flashy Musical
		○ Catchy music
		○ Has to be in there heads
Political
A

Discuss What kind of musical to produce in 1995

47
Q

○ Lavish spectacle
○ Global Appeal
○ Huge Budgets
Insanely Profitable

A

The Megamusical

48
Q

○ Composer
○ British, from musical family
○ Married 3 times
2nd richest man in Britain

A

Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-X)

49
Q 
○ Jesus Christ Superstar
		○ Evita
		○ Cats
		○ Phantom
Sunset Boulevard
A

Major Lloyd Webber Shows

50
Q

○ Sung-Through Score
○ Impressive Spectacle
Operetta-style conventions

A

Lloyd Webber Hallmarks

51
Q

○ Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
○ Based on: T.S. Eliots Old Possums’ book of practical cats
Lyrics/Book: Elliot/Trevor Nunn

A

Cats (1981)

52
Q 
○ All the cats introduce each other
		○ King of the cats
		○ Lady cat, old
		○ London: Ran for 21 years
			§ 8949 perfs
		○ B'way: Ran for 18 years
			§ 6138 perfs
			§ Longest running show until Phantom
Cost: $5 Million
A

Cats

53
Q

○ Music: Lloyd Webber
○ Lyrics: Charles Hart
§ Add’l lyrics: Richard Stilgoe
○ Dir: Hal Prince
○ Based on : Le Fantôme de l’Opéra by Gaston Leroux (French novel)
○ 9,067 Performances (and counting!)
○ Longest running B’way musical in history
○ As of 2007, most profitable entertainment venture ever
○ Made more money than Star Wars or Harry Potter
That’s just ticket sales

A

The Phantom of The Opera (1986)

54
Q

○ 40 Tony noms, 7 wins

Plagiarism?

A

Critics’ Response to Lloyd Webber

55
Q 
○ Producer
			§ Cats
			§ Les Miserables
			§ The Phantom of the Opera
			§ Miss Saigon
		○ Most Successful ind. Producer alive
		○ Works closely w/artistic team
		○ Tightly controls productions
Merchandise!!!
A

Cameron Mackintosh (1946-?)

56
Q 
○ Uniform experience
		○ Broadest possible appeal, wide audiences
		○ Souvenirs: the "theme park" show
		○ Want to see where the \$\$$ went
	• The megamusical's appeal
Gee Whiz!
A

Audience & the megamusical

57
Q

The actual result is the opposite of the intended or expected result

A

Irony

58
Q

○ Gen X loves Irony

Skeptical of promises of society

A

Irony in the 1990s

59
Q

○ Avenue Q

Urinetown

A

Ironic Musicals:

60
Q

○ Conceived by Jeff Marx & Robert Lopez
○ Music/Lyrics by Marx & Lopez
Book by Jeff Whitty

A

Avenue Q

61
Q

○ Music: Mark Hollman
○ Book: Greg Kotis
○ Lyrics: Both
965 perfs

A

Urinetown (2001)

62
Q

○ Started in NYC Fringe Festival
○ Supposed to open on B’way 9/13
Opened 9/20

A

Urinetown

63
Q

○ Advacating for change theatre
○ Paradoying this
○ Waiting for Lefty
The Cradle will rock

A

Agit-Prop

64
Q

○ Overthrow or undermine the status quo
§ Govvernment
§ social mores
The “Establishment”

A

To Subvert (V.)

65
Q

○ Often popular, or a cult hit
○ Often Comedic
○ Hints at P.O.V.
Audience comes the “conclusion”

A

Clues: Subversion in art

66
Q

○ Sex

Homosexuality- coded!

A

Popular subversive topics

67
Q

○ La Cage Aux Folles (1983)
○ Falsettos (1992)
Rent (1996)

A

“Out” homosexuality in musicals

68
Q

○ Music & Lyrics: Johnathan Larson
○ Book: Larson/ Billy Aronson
Based on: La Boheme

A

Rent (1996)

69
Q 
○ Music: Marc Shaiman
		○ Lyrics: Shaiman & Scott Wittman
		○ Book: Mark O'Donnell & Thomas Meehan
		○ Based on: John Waters' movie (1988)
Queer Liberation
A

Hairspray (2002)

70
Q

○ Drag Queens
○ Raunchy humor
○ Pastiche/ Parody
Subversive!

A

Hallmarks of John Waters

71
Q

○ 2642 peformances!
○ Musical stays true to original film (mostly)
2007: Film musical

A

Hairspray the Musical

72
Q

○ Fat Girls
○ Drag Queens
○ Black People
Filthfy show

A

Outsider Metaphors- Hairspray

73
Q

○ Harvey Fierstein
○ Playwright, librettise, actor, gay activist
○ Torch song trilogy
La Cage Aux Folles

A

2002 Edna Turnblad

74
Q 
19th C.
-Operettas
-European
-Melodrama
-Vaudeville
-Revues
-Minstrel Shows
1910s
-George M. Cohan
-Book Musical
○ 1920s
-Shuffle Along
-Show Boat
	□ Integrated Musicals
○ 1930s
-Anything Goes
-Porgy & Bess
○ 1940s
-Oklahoma!
○ 1950s
-West Side Story
-Guys & dolls
○ 1960s
-Hair
-Fiddler on the roof
-Cabaret
○ 1970s
-Chicago
-Company
-Jesus Christ Superstar
-Follies
-Godspell
-Grease
-Annie
-The Wiz
○ 1980s
-Cats
-Phantom
-Mega Musicals
○ 1990s
-Irony
-Rent
-Revivals & Revues
-Disney
A

Review of Musicals

75
Q

○ 2000: Musicals are dead!
§ Creatively
○ 2001: The Producers
Musicals are alive!

A

The Aughts

76
Q 
○ Book: Mel Brooks & Thomas Meehan
		○ Music & Lyrics: Brooks
		○ Based on movie
		○ 2502 Performances
"Reinvented" the American musical
A

The Producers (2001)

77
Q

○ Megamusicals
§ Lion King, Wicked, movie-musicals
○ Musical Comedy (expensive budgets, expensive tickets)
§ The Producers, Hairspray, movie-musicals
○ Ironic Musicals
§ Ave. Q, Urinetown, [Title of Show]
Small Musical

A

2000s

78
Q 
○ Small Cast
		○ Character driven
		○ Often serious tone or theme
		○ Often artistically courageous
		○ Often based on original or obscure material
Can still be super-expensive
A

The “small” musical

79
Q

○ Book & Lyrics: Tom Yorkey
○ Music: Tom Kitt
Pulitzer Prize for Drama

A

Next to Normal (2008)

80
Q 
○ Development process has changed
			§ A Lot of readings
			§ Readings where they give them money
			§ Elevates the story & goes away from grand spectacle
		○ Productions are too expensive
Reaction to megamusicals
A

Why Small Musicals?

81
Q

Wrote On the Town

A

Comden & Green

82
Q

Big spender, escort host wants to get out & fall in love. Wants to escape situation

A

Sweet Charity

83
Q 
○ Hairspray
		○ Urinetown
		○ Rocky Horror Picture show
		○ Undermine the status quo
		○ Popular, cult hint
		○ Hint at the povt
		○ Fuck establishment
		○ Audience comes to a conclusion
		○ Real message isn't shown through
Cole porter
A

Subversion

84
Q

○ Musicals made with Music that was from a band

Motown, American Idiot, Mama Mia, Jersey Boys

A

Jukebox musicals

85
Q

○ Makes new york a tourist park
○ Disney musicals
○ For kids
Made it expensive

A

Disney-fication

86
Q

○ Huge Spectacle

A lot of money to make money back

A

Megamusicals

87
Q 
○ Made it touristy
		○ Red zoning
		○ Stop & Frisk
		○ Eminent domain laws
Took out non pg13 businesses
A

Times Square transformation

88
Q 
○ Megamusicals
		○ Phantom
		○ Cats
		○ Andrew Lloyd Webber
Disney-ficatoin begins
A

Trends & examples: 1980s

89
Q

○ Revivals

British Theatre

A

Trends & examples: 1990s

90
Q 
○ Small Cast
		○ Big budget small cast
		○ Character driven
		○ Next to normal
		○ In a reaction to the mega musical
		○ Artistically Courageous
		○ Fun Home
Based on original or obscure material
A

Small musical

91
Q

○ Both concept & Integrated
○ Cabaret
○ Chicago
Chorus Line

A

Hybrid Musical

College (19 decks)

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