Musculoskeletal trauma Flashcards
Fracture
any disruption, complete or incomplete, in the continuity due to a force that exceeds that physiologic bone parameters
Why do we want to know the mechanism of injury
it helps determine the type of fracture and guide treatment
closed/complete fracture
bone segments separate completely
incomplete fracture
bone fragments are still partially joined
open/compound fracture
the bone protrudes to the outside of the body
compression fracture
crushing of cancellous bone
transverse fracture
parts of the bone are separated but still close to each other
stress fracture
a failure of one cortical surface of the bone, often caused by repetitive activity
comminuted fracture
more than one fracture line and more than 2 bone fragments that may be crushed/shattered
avulsion fracture
separation of a small fragment of bone at the site of attachment to a ligament/tendon
greenstick fracture
an incomplete break in the bone with the intact side of the cortex flexed (one side broken, one side bent)
impacted fracture
one part of the fracture is compressed into an adjacent part of the fracture
stages of bone healing
fracture/inflammatory, granulation tissue formation, callus formation, lamellar bone deposition, remodeling
stage 1: fracture/inflammatory
at the site of the fracture, bleeding occurs and a hematoma develops, inflammation causes vascular permeability and the attraction of WBC - hours to days
stage 2: granulation tissue formation
fibroblasts are attracted to the area and there is growth of vascular tissue - 2 weeks
