Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Describe tendonitis

Answer 1

overuse or inflammatory processes that results in pain and limitation in movement

Question 2

An exaggerates lumbar curve that compensates for pregnancy, obesity, or other skeletal changes

Answer 2

Lordosis

Question 3

Pointing the foot toward the nose

Answer 3

dorsiflexion

Question 4

Pointing the foot toward the floor

Answer 4

plantar flexion

Question 5

In what disease is the wrist, proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints likely to be swollen, tender and stiff?

Answer 5

acute RA

Question 6

Describe rheumatoid nodules

Answer 6

firm, nontender subcutaneous nodules that are seen distal to the olecranon bursa in the hands and fingers

Question 7

Where do rheumatoid nodules typically occur?

Answer 7

along the extensor surface of the ulna

Question 8

Sx of RA

Answer 8

1. Pain
2. Fatigue
3. Morning joint stiffness

Question 9

What is the cause of RA?

Answer 9

symmetric fusiform swelling in the soft tissue around the proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 10

List some long bones

Answer 10

femur and humerus

Question 11

The tarsals and carpals are what types of bones?

Answer 11

short bones

Question 12

The parietal bone of the skull, sternum, and ribs are what types of bones?

Answer 12

flat bones

Question 13

List some irregular bones

Answer 13

vertebrae and hip bones

Question 14

What is the difference between a tendon and ligament?

Answer 14

a tendon connects bone to muscle or muscle to muscle while ligaments attach bone to bone

Question 15

What occurs when tendons experience continuous friction?

Answer 15

they develop fluid-filled bursae called tendon sheaths

Question 16

Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a system of what?

Answer 16

ligaments

Question 17

Sx of gout

Answer 17

erythema, pain, and edema

Question 18

What is the result of wearing narrow-toed shoes, high heels, or shoes that are too small?

Answer 18

hammertoe

Question 19

What is gout?

Answer 19

alt. purine metabolism that results in inflammation of the joints

Question 20

Another name for Hallux Valgus

Answer 20

Bunion

Question 21

What is Hallux Valgus?

Answer 21

a thickening and inflammation of the bone or the bursa of the joint of the great toe that produces lateral displacement of the toe marked with joint enlargement

Question 22

What occurs to the big toe in a bunion?

Answer 22

the big toe may turn toward the 2nd toe

Question 23

What are the causes of a hammertoe?

Answer 23

1. imbalance of the muscle and ligament around the tow joint
2. trauma
3. genetic factors

Question 24

Sx of carpal tunnel Syn

Answer 24

1. pain
2. numbness
3. (+) Phalen’s test

Question 25

The chronic repetitive motion in compression of the median nerve

Answer 25

Carpal tunnel

Question 26

What are the assessments for Carpal Tunnel?

Answer 26

1. Phalen's test | 2. Tinel's sign

Question 27

A spine curvature to the left causing an exaggerated thoracic convexity on that side

Answer 27

scoliosis

Question 28

What may be a musculoskeletal cause of scoliosis, how do you assess further?

Answer 28

unequal leg length, assess by measuring the pt's leg length

Question 29

How do you assess for scoliosis?

Answer 29

the pt should bend forward. If there is uneveness in the heigh of the post. rib care or the scapulae

Question 30

What are some everyday risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 30

1. caffeine 2. smoking 3. alcohol

Question 31

What does protein deficiency interfere w/?

Answer 31

1. bone growth | 2. muscle tone

Question 32

What is a pt predisposed w/ if there is a lack of Ca2+?

Answer 32

low bone density

Question 33

What occurs if there is a vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 33

inhibition of of bone and tissue healing

Question 34

Which ethnic group has a higher incidence of osteoporosis?

Answer 34

caucasian and asian females

Question 35

What is the assessment technique for the musculoskeletal?

Answer 35

1. inspection | 2. Palpation

Question 36

In the beginning of the assessment the pt ic c/o of pain, what is your intervention?

Answer 36

the assessment must be delayed until acute problems are attended to

Question 37

Describe crepitus

Answer 37

a grating sound caused by the bone fragments in joints

Question 38

What may be the result of shoulder pain w/o palpation or movement?

Answer 38

insufficient circulation to the myocardium

Question 39

What are some abdomen conditions that cause cause pain the shoulders?

Answer 39

1. hiatal hernia | 2. GI disease

Question 40

You see your pt can abduct their arm w/o lifting or shrugging the shoulder, what would you suspect?

Answer 40

rotator cuff tear

Question 41

The pt is room 214 is experiencing swelling, crepitus, pain esp when opening or closing his mouth, what would you consider?

Answer 41

TMJ

Question 42

What are some causes of TMJ?

Answer 42

1. Teeth grinding | 2. unconscious clenching of the jaw

Question 43

A typically painless, round, fluid-filled mass that arises from the tendon sheaths on the dorsum of the wrist and hand

Answer 43

ganglion

Question 44

The pt is unable to extend the 4th and 5th fingers

Answer 44

Dupuytren's contracture

Question 45

What is the classic Si of a fractured femur?

Answer 45

external rotation of the lower leg or foot

Question 46

What is a hip fracture associated w/?

Answer 46

shortening of a limb

Question 47

In what type of pt is the straight leg raise (SLR) test may produce the Lasegue sign?

Answer 47

herniated disk

Question 48

What is the Lasegue sign?

Answer 48

back and leg pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

Question 49

If the synovium is inflamed, what are you going to notice upon palpating the knee?

Answer 49

pain, swelling, thickening or heat

Question 50

What is the bulge test?

Answer 50

test for fluid by pushing the lateral side of the knee and seeing if if the fluid shifts to the medial side of the knee

Question 51

Genu varum

Answer 51

bowlegs

Question 52

Genu recurvatum

Answer 52

excessive hyperextension of the knee w/ weight bearing due to weakness of quads

Question 53

Genu valgum

Answer 53

knock knees

Question 54

If an older woman c/o of pain and tenderness in the back and restricted back movement, what should you consider?

Answer 54

compression fracture

Question 55

A chronic disease that is characterized by pain in the muscles and soft tissues that support and surround joint

Answer 55

Fibromyalgia

Question 56

Occurs in individuals with psoriasis that has joint inflammation the finger, toes and sometimes int he spine

Answer 56

Psoriatic arthritis

Question 57

Inflammation of bursae that surround joint

Answer 57

bursitis

Question 58

An overproduction of collagen in the skin or organs which results in damage to the skin, blood vessels, and joints

Answer 58

scleroderma

Question 59

Inflammation and weakness in skeletal muscles that can affect the entire body and result in disability

Answer 59

polymyositis

Question 60

A chronic inflammatory disease of the spine resulting in a fusion of the spine resulting in stiffness and inflexibility

Answer 60

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 61

What is associated with the development of Bouchard's and Heberden's nodules, over the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Answer 61

osteoarthritis

Question 62

Inflammation of the synovium

Answer 62

synovitis

Question 63

Flexion contractures associated w/

Answer 63

RA

Question 64

What are some causes of the olecranon bursitis?

Answer 64

1. trauma 2. inflammation from RA 3. Gouty arthritis

Question 65

Inflammation joint disease results in fluid in the joint capsule

Answer 65

joint effusion

Question 66

What happens to the ulnar w/ RA?

Answer 66

Ulnar deviation