Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe tendonitis

A

overuse or inflammatory processes that results in pain and limitation in movement

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2
Q

An exaggerates lumbar curve that compensates for pregnancy, obesity, or other skeletal changes

A

Lordosis

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3
Q

Pointing the foot toward the nose

A

dorsiflexion

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4
Q

Pointing the foot toward the floor

A

plantar flexion

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5
Q

In what disease is the wrist, proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints likely to be swollen, tender and stiff?

A

acute RA

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6
Q

Describe rheumatoid nodules

A

firm, nontender subcutaneous nodules that are seen distal to the olecranon bursa in the hands and fingers

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7
Q

Where do rheumatoid nodules typically occur?

A

along the extensor surface of the ulna

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8
Q

Sx of RA

A
  1. Pain
  2. Fatigue
  3. Morning joint stiffness
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9
Q

What is the cause of RA?

A

symmetric fusiform swelling in the soft tissue around the proximal interphalangeal joints

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10
Q

List some long bones

A

femur and humerus

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11
Q

The tarsals and carpals are what types of bones?

A

short bones

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12
Q

The parietal bone of the skull, sternum, and ribs are what types of bones?

A

flat bones

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13
Q

List some irregular bones

A

vertebrae and hip bones

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14
Q

What is the difference between a tendon and ligament?

A

a tendon connects bone to muscle or muscle to muscle while ligaments attach bone to bone

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15
Q

What occurs when tendons experience continuous friction?

A

they develop fluid-filled bursae called tendon sheaths

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16
Q

Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a system of what?

A

ligaments

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17
Q

Sx of gout

A

erythema, pain, and edema

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18
Q

What is the result of wearing narrow-toed shoes, high heels, or shoes that are too small?

A

hammertoe

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19
Q

What is gout?

A

alt. purine metabolism that results in inflammation of the joints

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20
Q

Another name for Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion

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21
Q

What is Hallux Valgus?

A

a thickening and inflammation of the bone or the bursa of the joint of the great toe that produces lateral displacement of the toe marked with joint enlargement

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22
Q

What occurs to the big toe in a bunion?

A

the big toe may turn toward the 2nd toe

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23
Q

What are the causes of a hammertoe?

A
  1. imbalance of the muscle and ligament around the tow joint
  2. trauma
  3. genetic factors
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24
Q

Sx of carpal tunnel Syn

A
  1. pain
  2. numbness
  3. (+) Phalen’s test
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25
Q

The chronic repetitive motion in compression of the median nerve

A

Carpal tunnel

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26
Q

What are the assessments for Carpal Tunnel?

A
  1. Phalen’s test

2. Tinel’s sign

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27
Q

A spine curvature to the left causing an exaggerated thoracic convexity on that side

A

scoliosis

28
Q

What may be a musculoskeletal cause of scoliosis, how do you assess further?

A

unequal leg length, assess by measuring the pt’s leg length

29
Q

How do you assess for scoliosis?

A

the pt should bend forward. If there is uneveness in the heigh of the post. rib care or the scapulae

30
Q

What are some everyday risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
  1. caffeine
  2. smoking
  3. alcohol
31
Q

What does protein deficiency interfere w/?

A
  1. bone growth

2. muscle tone

32
Q

What is a pt predisposed w/ if there is a lack of Ca2+?

A

low bone density

33
Q

What occurs if there is a vitamin C deficiency?

A

inhibition of of bone and tissue healing

34
Q

Which ethnic group has a higher incidence of osteoporosis?

A

caucasian and asian females

35
Q

What is the assessment technique for the musculoskeletal?

A
  1. inspection

2. Palpation

36
Q

In the beginning of the assessment the pt ic c/o of pain, what is your intervention?

A

the assessment must be delayed until acute problems are attended to

37
Q

Describe crepitus

A

a grating sound caused by the bone fragments in joints

38
Q

What may be the result of shoulder pain w/o palpation or movement?

A

insufficient circulation to the myocardium

39
Q

What are some abdomen conditions that cause cause pain the shoulders?

A
  1. hiatal hernia

2. GI disease

40
Q

You see your pt can abduct their arm w/o lifting or shrugging the shoulder, what would you suspect?

A

rotator cuff tear

41
Q

The pt is room 214 is experiencing swelling, crepitus, pain esp when opening or closing his mouth, what would you consider?

A

TMJ

42
Q

What are some causes of TMJ?

A
  1. Teeth grinding

2. unconscious clenching of the jaw

43
Q

A typically painless, round, fluid-filled mass that arises from the tendon sheaths on the dorsum of the wrist and hand

A

ganglion

44
Q

The pt is unable to extend the 4th and 5th fingers

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

45
Q

What is the classic Si of a fractured femur?

A

external rotation of the lower leg or foot

46
Q

What is a hip fracture associated w/?

A

shortening of a limb

47
Q

In what type of pt is the straight leg raise (SLR) test may produce the Lasegue sign?

A

herniated disk

48
Q

What is the Lasegue sign?

A

back and leg pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

49
Q

If the synovium is inflamed, what are you going to notice upon palpating the knee?

A

pain, swelling, thickening or heat

50
Q

What is the bulge test?

A

test for fluid by pushing the lateral side of the knee and seeing if if the fluid shifts to the medial side of the knee

51
Q

Genu varum

A

bowlegs

52
Q

Genu recurvatum

A

excessive hyperextension of the knee w/ weight bearing due to weakness of quads

53
Q

Genu valgum

A

knock knees

54
Q

If an older woman c/o of pain and tenderness in the back and restricted back movement, what should you consider?

A

compression fracture

55
Q

A chronic disease that is characterized by pain in the muscles and soft tissues that support and surround joint

A

Fibromyalgia

56
Q

Occurs in individuals with psoriasis that has joint inflammation the finger, toes and sometimes int he spine

A

Psoriatic arthritis

57
Q

Inflammation of bursae that surround joint

A

bursitis

58
Q

An overproduction of collagen in the skin or organs which results in damage to the skin, blood vessels, and joints

A

scleroderma

59
Q

Inflammation and weakness in skeletal muscles that can affect the entire body and result in disability

A

polymyositis

60
Q

A chronic inflammatory disease of the spine resulting in a fusion of the spine resulting in stiffness and inflexibility

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

61
Q

What is associated with the development of Bouchard’s and Heberden’s nodules, over the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

A

osteoarthritis

62
Q

Inflammation of the synovium

A

synovitis

63
Q

Flexion contractures associated w/

A

RA

64
Q

What are some causes of the olecranon bursitis?

A
  1. trauma
  2. inflammation from RA
  3. Gouty arthritis
65
Q

Inflammation joint disease results in fluid in the joint capsule

A

joint effusion

66
Q

What happens to the ulnar w/ RA?

A

Ulnar deviation