Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Describe tendonitis
overuse or inflammatory processes that results in pain and limitation in movement
An exaggerates lumbar curve that compensates for pregnancy, obesity, or other skeletal changes
Lordosis
Pointing the foot toward the nose
dorsiflexion
Pointing the foot toward the floor
plantar flexion
In what disease is the wrist, proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints likely to be swollen, tender and stiff?
acute RA
Describe rheumatoid nodules
firm, nontender subcutaneous nodules that are seen distal to the olecranon bursa in the hands and fingers
Where do rheumatoid nodules typically occur?
along the extensor surface of the ulna
Sx of RA
- Pain
- Fatigue
- Morning joint stiffness
What is the cause of RA?
symmetric fusiform swelling in the soft tissue around the proximal interphalangeal joints
List some long bones
femur and humerus
The tarsals and carpals are what types of bones?
short bones
The parietal bone of the skull, sternum, and ribs are what types of bones?
flat bones
List some irregular bones
vertebrae and hip bones
What is the difference between a tendon and ligament?
a tendon connects bone to muscle or muscle to muscle while ligaments attach bone to bone
What occurs when tendons experience continuous friction?
they develop fluid-filled bursae called tendon sheaths
Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a system of what?
ligaments
Sx of gout
erythema, pain, and edema
What is the result of wearing narrow-toed shoes, high heels, or shoes that are too small?
hammertoe
What is gout?
alt. purine metabolism that results in inflammation of the joints
Another name for Hallux Valgus
Bunion
What is Hallux Valgus?
a thickening and inflammation of the bone or the bursa of the joint of the great toe that produces lateral displacement of the toe marked with joint enlargement
What occurs to the big toe in a bunion?
the big toe may turn toward the 2nd toe
What are the causes of a hammertoe?
- imbalance of the muscle and ligament around the tow joint
- trauma
- genetic factors
Sx of carpal tunnel Syn
- pain
- numbness
- (+) Phalen’s test
The chronic repetitive motion in compression of the median nerve
Carpal tunnel
What are the assessments for Carpal Tunnel?
- Phalen’s test
2. Tinel’s sign