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Physical Assessment > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major fxns of the ears?

A

collecting and transporting sound vibrations to the brain and maintaining the send of eq.

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2
Q

What is the only external visible organ of the respiratory system?

A

nose

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3
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. sphenoid
  2. maxillary
  3. frontal
  4. ethmoid
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4
Q

While assessing an infants ears how should you examine the tympanic membrane?

A

pull the earlobe down and back

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5
Q

How does the eustachian tube differ in infants from adults and children?

A

the tube is shorter, straighter and more level

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6
Q

What is another term for middle ear infection?

A

otitis media

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7
Q

What causes flushing when a child is experiencing an otitis media?

A

the tympanic appears red causing the flushing

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8
Q

How do you rule out bacterial otitis media for a child?

A

the tympanic is red but there is no purulent discharge in the middle ear space

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9
Q

The frontal sinuses only cause infection in which age groups?

A

older school age and adolescents

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10
Q

What is the reason that children under the age of 5 have yellow-green nasal discharge during URI?

A

b/c they cannot efficiently clear their nasal passages

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11
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

inflammation of the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What are some changes that occur during pregnancy?

A
  1. earaches
  2. hyperemia causes rhinitis
  3. epistaxis
  4. heightened sense of smell
  5. hoarseness or deepening of the voice
  6. gingivitis
  7. hyperplastic overgrowth
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13
Q

What are some changes that occur in an older adult?

A
  1. coarse hair at the auditory meatus
  2. paler in color and thicker appearance of tympanic membrane
  3. loss of high-frequency tones
  4. sense and taste diminish
  5. decrease saliva production
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14
Q

What are some effects of the psychosocial?

A
  1. mouth ulcers
  2. tics
  3. lip biting
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15
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

gradual hearing loss with age

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16
Q

Cheilitis

A

an increase of saliva in older adults cause angular stomatitis which manifests as tissue inflammation at the corners of the mouth

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17
Q

What are the techniques used to examine the ENT?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Transillumination
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18
Q

What is binaural hearing?

A

meaning that the brain is capable of simultaneously integrating information that is received from both ears

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19
Q

When obs. the ears what are you assessing?

A

ears are symmetric in

  • size
  • shape
  • color
  • configuration
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20
Q

How should the external ear canal present itself normally?

A

open, nontender and free of lesions, inflammation or foreign substances

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21
Q

How should the tympanic membrane present itself?

A

flat, gray, and translucent w/o lesions

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22
Q

What should you normally see in the external nose?

A
  • free of lesions
  • patent nares
  • mucosa of the nasal cavity is dark pink and smooth
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23
Q

What should you normally see in the nasal septum?

A

midline, straight, and intact

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24
Q

normal findings of sinuses

A

nontender and transilluminate

25
Q

What is the typical order for an assessment of the ENT?

A
  1. ears
  2. Romberg test
  3. Nose
  4. Sinuses
  5. external mouth
  6. internal structures of the mouth
  7. throat assessment
26
Q

What is another term for hard nodules?

A

tophi

27
Q

If a pt has tophi what could this indicate?

A

gout, tophi are uric acid crystals

28
Q

Mastoiditis

A

inflammation or infection of the mastoid bone

29
Q

If a pt has mastoiditis, is it difficult to treat? Results?

A

it is very difficult to treat, the infxn can spread to the brain easily

30
Q

What are 2 interventions if there is too much cerumen?

A
  1. remove with a cerumen spoon

2. if dry use a bulb syringe and warmed sol of mineral oil and hydrogen peroxide

31
Q

What do white patches on the tympanic membrane indicate?

A

scars from prior infxn

32
Q

What does it mean if the TM is yellow or reddish?

A

otitis media

33
Q

What does a bulging TM indicate?

A

increased P

34
Q

What does a retracted membrane indicate?

A

vacuum in the middle ear due to blocked eustachian tube

35
Q

What is the purpose of a Whisper test?

A

evaluates hearing acuity of high freq sounds

36
Q

What are tuning forks used to evaluate?

A

auditory acuity

37
Q

What is the purpose of the Rinne Test?

A

compares air and bone conduction when placed at the base of the mastoid process (bone) and in front of the auditory meatus

38
Q

What are the normal findings in a Rinne Test?

A

the sound is heard 2x as long by air than bone

39
Q

What indicates conductive hearing loss in the Rinne test?

A

if the pt hears bone conduction as long or longer than air

40
Q

What is the purpose of the Weber test?

A

uses bone conduction to evaluate hearing for a pt who hears better better in ibe ear than in the other

41
Q

What is nursing Dx for a pt who cannot breath through each naris?

A

Ineffective breathing pattern or mouth breathing rt nasal swelling or trauma

42
Q

If the mucosa is swollen and red in the nares what does this indicate?

A

URI

43
Q

If the nares mucosa is pale, boggy or swollen what does this indicate?

A

chronic allergies

44
Q

What are found in pts with allergies?

A

nasal polyps

45
Q

If you palpate the sinuses and they are tender what may this indicate?

A

chronic allergies or sinusitis

46
Q

When you transilluminate the sinus and does transilluminate what does this mean?

A

the sinus is filled with fluid

47
Q

If the maxillary sinuses do not transilluminate what may this indicate?

A

inflammation of the sinuses

48
Q

Describe the tongue if a pt is dehydrated?

A

smooth, coated or hairy

49
Q

What does it mean if a pt has a small tongue?

A

undernutrition

50
Q

Tremor of the tongue indicates what?

A

dyfxn of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)

51
Q

What does the breath of a kidney disease resemble?

A

ammonia

52
Q

If there is a dark spot on the eardrum what may this indicate?

A

trauma or infection

53
Q

Can a scarred tympanic membrane cause hearing loss?

A

no

54
Q

What are some causes of a deviated septum?

A

chronic infxn, trauma, or sniffing cocaine

55
Q

What is the difference between acute rhinitis and allergic rhinitis?

A

acute is caused by a virus while allergic results from contact with allergen

56
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

fixation of the tip of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

57
Q

Aphtous Ulcers “canker sores”

A

small, round, white, painful lesions occurring singularly or in clusters on the oral mucosa

58
Q

Black hairy tongue

A

a temp condition caused by the inhibitor of normal bacteria and overgrowth of fungi may be due to antibiotics

59
Q

What causes atrophic glossitis?

A

smooth red shiny appearance is a result vitamin B and FE deficiency

Physical Assessment (10 decks)

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