Cardiovascular Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the heart? From distal to medial
- epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What is the normal heart sound?
lub- dub
What is occurring during S1? S2?
S1 is systole, the ventricles are contracting and S2 is diastole the ventricles are relaxed
Which valves are opening and closing during S1?
during S1 the aortic and pulmonary valves are open and the AV valves ( mitral and tricuspid) are closed
Which valves are opening and closing during S2?
during S2 the AV valves are open and the Semilunar valves are closing
When does systole occur?
S1- S2
When does diastole occur?
S2-S1
What is the sound heard during an atrial gallop? When is it heard?
S4, it occurs before S1
What is the sound heard during a ventricular gallop? When is it heard?
S3, it occurs after S2
Describe S4
an atrial gallop that occurs because of the atrial contraction and ejection of blood int the ventricles in late diastole
Describe S3
when the AV open, blood flows into the ventricles causing vibrations creating the S3 sound during diastole
Johnny says that he considers himself an athlete due to running and constantly training. You are preparing to auscultate his heart, you hear an extra sound. What may this be extra sound? is it normal?
since he as athlete he may have an S4, atrial gallop, which is commonly found in athletes
What type of pts would you expect to hear S3 sounds?
pregnant women in 3rd trimester, and young adults, and younger children
If Sara, Sharon, and Jay say that have valvular diseases what type of heart sounds would you expect to hear?
clicks and snaps
What is the cause of a friction rub?
surface of the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium cannot slide smoothly and produce the rubbing or grating sound
What is the result of a friction rub?
inflammation of the pericardial sac
What is the definition of a heart murmur?
harsh, bowing sounds caused by disruption of blood flow into the heart
When do the coronary arteries fill?
during diastole
What is the process of the conduction system?
SA Node -> AV Node -> Bundle of his-> R and L bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
What is the heart’s natural pacemaker?
SA Node
What are the landmarks for the cardiovascular system?
sternum, clavicles, ribs and ICS
What is the purpose of the angle of Louis during a cardiovascular assessment?
the angle of Louis helps identify the 2nd ICS which to the left you hear the aortic and to the right is the aortic sound
Between which ICS spaces you find the heart?
2nd ICS is base the 5th ICS is the apex
What are the 3 phases in the electrical and mechanical Events?
- Period of ventricular filling
- Ventricular Systole
- Isometric Relaxation