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561 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are types of fractures

A

Compleat
incomplete
open
closed

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2
Q

What is a complete fracture

A

Bone broken into two or more separate pieces

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3
Q

What is an incomplete fracture

A

Bone is partially broken

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4
Q

What is an open fracture

A

Bone breaks through skin
significant soft tissue damage
risk for infection

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5
Q

What is a closed fracture

A

Bone doesn’t break through skin

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6
Q

Risk factors for fractures

A 
Falls 
sports activities 
motor vehicle accidents 
use of drugs that impair mobility and judgment 
osteoporosis 
Bone tumors
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7
Q

What is the etiology of fractures

A

A force that is applied to the bone that is greater than the bone can withstand
can occur with normal movement

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8
Q

The three phases of bone healing

A

Inflammation phase
reparative or Fibroplastic phase
remodeling phase

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9
Q

What percent of healing time is the inflammation phase

A

10

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10
Q

What percent of healing time is the reparative or Fibroplastic phase

A

40

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11
Q

What percent of healing time is the remodeling phase

A

70

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12
Q

When does total healing occur

A

When there’s a fibrous union and the site is no longer tender or painful and by x-ray proof of no separation and no pain with movement

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13
Q

What are complications of bone healing

A

Infection
compartment syndrome
nerve damage
failure to heal or deformity

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14
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

Characterized by excessive bleeding and swelling resulting in nerve ischemia

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15
Q

What does the severity of symptoms depend on in fractures

A

The site and extent of the fracture

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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of fractures

A 
Deformity or abnormal movements 
inability to move 
surface bleeding
 bruising 
crepitus with attempted movement 
inflammation 
pain
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17
Q

How to prevent fractures

A

Safety measures during high-risk activities

prevention of osteoporosis

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18
Q

What are the two main components for fractures in treatment

A

Immobilization

early consolidation

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19
Q

What to do for Immobilization in the evaluation stage

A

Follow doctor’s orders

occurs between 0 to 6 weeks

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20
Q

What to do for early consolidation in the evaluation stage

A

May start AROM
grip pinch
limitations in sensory testing
6 to 8 weeks

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21
Q

What to do for a mobilization or early mobilization in the treatment sage

A

Comply with Dr.

goal is to achieve stabilization for optimal recovery

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22
Q

What to do for early consolidation in the treatment stage

A

Remediate the use of muscles

23
Q

The prognosis of fractures

A

Usually positive

healing in elderly can be less than satisfactory

24
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

A common metabolic bone disorder

25
Q

What is osteoporosis characterized by

A

Decreased bone mass and then city and increased phone fragility result from this equilibrium of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

26
Q

Who is diagnosed most with osteoporosis

A

Postmenopausal female but may affect 1 in 8 men

27
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
Aging 
decreased mobility 
sedentary lifestyle 
genetic predisposition 
Excess cortisol 
 hormonal factors 
cigarette 
poor nutrition 
high caffeine intake 
small light bone structure
28
Q

Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis

A

Initially asymptomatic
usually fracture of spine or hip is first sign
back pain

29
Q

How Is osteoporosis diagnosed

A

Bone density test

x-rays

30
Q

What is characteristic of osteoporosis

A

Kyphosis and scoliosis

31
Q

What do estrogen and testosterone protect against

A

Osteoclastic activity

32
Q

Aging has what kind of effect on bone marrow

A

Depressant

33
Q

What contributes to decreased bone density

A

Dietary and lifestyle factors

34
Q

What kind of bone is more affected

A

Cancellous bone

35
Q

Where is risk of fracture greater

A

In cancellous bone

36
Q

What is prevention for osteoporosis

A

Diet

regular exercise

37
Q

What is treatment for osteoporosis

A

supplements (calcium and vitamin D)
estrogen replacement therapy
medication
regular weight bearing exercise program

38
Q

What Is the prognosis of osteoporosis

A

Meds work only as long as they’re taken

Bone loss is inevitable but activity diet and meds can slow the rate of Loss

39
Q

What are common medications for osteoporosis

A

Antiresorptive meds

Anabolic drugs

40
Q

What do antiresorptive meds do

A

Slow the bone loss

41
Q

What do anabolic drugs do

A

Increase the rate of bone formation

rebuilds bone

42
Q

What is osteoarthritis

A

A degenerative joint disease

43
Q

What Happens in osteoarthritis

A

Joint damage and inflammation is caused by biomechanical alteration of the articular cartilage in one or a few joints

44
Q

Risk factors for osteoarthritis

A

Post menopausal women at high-risk
obesity
Aging
metabolic diagnosis

45
Q

What is the etiology of osteoarthritis

A

Idiopathic for most
can follow an injury or abuse
Congenital abnormalities
result from progressive breakdown of articular cartilage

46
Q

What happens as osteoarthritis progresses

A

Articular cartilage is completely destroyed in places exposing underlying bone
bone spurs
microscopic fracture can cause free Bone fragments within joint secondary inflammation

47
Q

What are signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis

A 
Initially mild pain often occuring with weight-bearing and movement pain increases with the degenerative process 
Joint movt is affected 
Joint appears enlarged 
morning stiffness 
crepitus
48
Q

Prevention for osteoarthritis

A

Weight reduction
modify or terminate activities associated with trauma
Joint prevention

49
Q

Treatment for osteoarthritis conservative measures

A 
Rest 
analgesics 
range of motion 
isometric exercises 
assistive devices 
NSAIDs 
splinting 
Adl training
50
Q

What kind of surgery would you do for osteoarthritis

A

Joint Replacement

51
Q

What does treatment depend on

A

The severity of the condition patient age and lifestyle

52
Q

What is the prognosis for Osteoarthritis

A

Usually chronically progressive leading to permanent disability
Joint replacement usually well-tolerated

53
Q

What is a fracture

A

A break in the continuity of a bone

561 (11 decks)

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