Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are types of fractures

Answer 1

Compleat
incomplete
open
closed

Question 2

What is a complete fracture

Answer 2

Bone broken into two or more separate pieces

Question 3

What is an incomplete fracture

Answer 3

Bone is partially broken

Question 4

What is an open fracture

Answer 4

Bone breaks through skin
significant soft tissue damage
risk for infection

Question 5

What is a closed fracture

Answer 5

Bone doesn’t break through skin

Question 6

Risk factors for fractures

Answer 6

Falls 
sports activities 
motor vehicle accidents 
use of drugs that impair mobility and judgment 
osteoporosis 
Bone tumors

Question 7

What is the etiology of fractures

Answer 7

A force that is applied to the bone that is greater than the bone can withstand
can occur with normal movement

Question 8

The three phases of bone healing

Answer 8

Inflammation phase
reparative or Fibroplastic phase
remodeling phase

Question 9

What percent of healing time is the inflammation phase

Answer 9

10

Question 10

What percent of healing time is the reparative or Fibroplastic phase

Answer 10

40

Question 11

What percent of healing time is the remodeling phase

Answer 11

70

Question 12

When does total healing occur

Answer 12

When there’s a fibrous union and the site is no longer tender or painful and by x-ray proof of no separation and no pain with movement

Question 13

What are complications of bone healing

Answer 13

Infection
compartment syndrome
nerve damage
failure to heal or deformity

Question 14

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 14

Characterized by excessive bleeding and swelling resulting in nerve ischemia

Question 15

What does the severity of symptoms depend on in fractures

Answer 15

The site and extent of the fracture

Question 16

What are signs and symptoms of fractures

Answer 16

Deformity or abnormal movements 
inability to move 
surface bleeding
 bruising 
crepitus with attempted movement 
inflammation 
pain

Question 17

How to prevent fractures

Answer 17

Safety measures during high-risk activities

prevention of osteoporosis

Question 18

What are the two main components for fractures in treatment

Answer 18

Immobilization

early consolidation

Question 19

What to do for Immobilization in the evaluation stage

Answer 19

Follow doctor’s orders

occurs between 0 to 6 weeks

Question 20

What to do for early consolidation in the evaluation stage

Answer 20

May start AROM
grip pinch
limitations in sensory testing
6 to 8 weeks

Question 21

What to do for a mobilization or early mobilization in the treatment sage

Answer 21

Comply with Dr.

goal is to achieve stabilization for optimal recovery

Question 22

What to do for early consolidation in the treatment stage

Answer 22

Remediate the use of muscles

Question 23

The prognosis of fractures

Answer 23

Usually positive

healing in elderly can be less than satisfactory

Question 24

What is osteoporosis

Answer 24

A common metabolic bone disorder

Question 25

What is osteoporosis characterized by

Answer 25

Decreased bone mass and then city and increased phone fragility result from this equilibrium of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

Question 26

Who is diagnosed most with osteoporosis

Answer 26

Postmenopausal female but may affect 1 in 8 men

Question 27

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 27

``` Aging decreased mobility sedentary lifestyle genetic predisposition Excess cortisol hormonal factors cigarette poor nutrition high caffeine intake small light bone structure ```

Question 28

Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis

Answer 28

Initially asymptomatic usually fracture of spine or hip is first sign back pain

Question 29

How Is osteoporosis diagnosed

Answer 29

Bone density test | x-rays

Question 30

What is characteristic of osteoporosis

Answer 30

Kyphosis and scoliosis

Question 31

What do estrogen and testosterone protect against

Answer 31

Osteoclastic activity

Question 32

Aging has what kind of effect on bone marrow

Answer 32

Depressant

Question 33

What contributes to decreased bone density

Answer 33

Dietary and lifestyle factors

Question 34

What kind of bone is more affected

Answer 34

Cancellous bone

Question 35

Where is risk of fracture greater

Answer 35

In cancellous bone

Question 36

What is prevention for osteoporosis

Answer 36

Diet | regular exercise

Question 37

What is treatment for osteoporosis

Answer 37

supplements (calcium and vitamin D) estrogen replacement therapy medication regular weight bearing exercise program

Question 38

What Is the prognosis of osteoporosis

Answer 38

Meds work only as long as they're taken | Bone loss is inevitable but activity diet and meds can slow the rate of Loss

Question 39

What are common medications for osteoporosis

Answer 39

Antiresorptive meds | Anabolic drugs

Question 40

What do antiresorptive meds do

Answer 40

Slow the bone loss

Question 41

What do anabolic drugs do

Answer 41

Increase the rate of bone formation | rebuilds bone

Question 42

What is osteoarthritis

Answer 42

A degenerative joint disease

Question 43

What Happens in osteoarthritis

Answer 43

Joint damage and inflammation is caused by biomechanical alteration of the articular cartilage in one or a few joints

Question 44

Risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 44

Post menopausal women at high-risk obesity Aging metabolic diagnosis

Question 45

What is the etiology of osteoarthritis

Answer 45

Idiopathic for most can follow an injury or abuse Congenital abnormalities result from progressive breakdown of articular cartilage

Question 46

What happens as osteoarthritis progresses

Answer 46

Articular cartilage is completely destroyed in places exposing underlying bone bone spurs microscopic fracture can cause free Bone fragments within joint secondary inflammation

Question 47

What are signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 47

``` Initially mild pain often occuring with weight-bearing and movement pain increases with the degenerative process Joint movt is affected Joint appears enlarged morning stiffness crepitus ```

Question 48

Prevention for osteoarthritis

Answer 48

Weight reduction modify or terminate activities associated with trauma Joint prevention

Question 49

Treatment for osteoarthritis conservative measures

Answer 49

``` Rest analgesics range of motion isometric exercises assistive devices NSAIDs splinting Adl training ```

Question 50

What kind of surgery would you do for osteoarthritis

Answer 50

Joint Replacement

Question 51

What does treatment depend on

Answer 51

The severity of the condition patient age and lifestyle

Question 52

What is the prognosis for Osteoarthritis

Answer 52

Usually chronically progressive leading to permanent disability Joint replacement usually well-tolerated

Question 53

What is a fracture

Answer 53

A break in the continuity of a bone