Biomechanical FOR 3

Question 1

How to assess muscle strength

Answer 1

MMT

Question 2

Interventions to increase muscle strength

Answer 2

Resistance
contraction
speed of movement
Pure Exercise versus purposeful activity

Question 3

To increase strength using amount of resistance what repetitions do you use

Answer 3

None to repetition maximum

repetition maximum is the most one can lift before fatigue sets in

Question 4

What is Ultimate goal of a strengthening program

Answer 4

To approach failure to lift; not a sign of failure but rather a sign of success

Question 5

What are strengthened when Max lift occurs

Answer 5

Motor units

Question 6

What are clinical signs of failure to lift

Answer 6

Mild shaking of extremity 
difficulty completing full movement 
grimacing 
grunting 
sweating 
substitution

Question 7

What Does concentric contraction increase

Answer 7

Concentric and eccentric strength not isometric

Question 8

What does eccentric contraction increase

Answer 8

Eccentric strength

Question 9

What pace of movement is best and safer for building muscle strength

Answer 9

Slow eccentric and concentric contraction
* substitutions occur more with fast contractions. fast eccentric contractions produce more force than slow (not always appropriate patients with new grafted skin burns or arthritis)

Question 10

What is pure exercise

Answer 10

For people with trace muscle strength (grade 1) or above average strength needed

Question 11

Who is purposeful activity for

Answer 11

Poor to fair range strength

• can use gravity eliminated activities
• use orthoses (deltoid aid)

Question 12

When is purposeful activity more practical to use

Answer 12

When muscle grade is a 2 to 3 and up

Question 13

What is a deltoid aid

Answer 13

Assists in reaching activities, muscle reeducation, and motor control. Passive support for typing and eating

Question 14

Interventions activities to do with muscle grade 0 to : isometric

Answer 14

Passive range of motion
biofeedback-helpgain visual control to produce muscle contraction that they would see on the screen
vibration

Question 15

Interventions or Activities to use with muscle grade 2- or 2: gravity eliminated without resistance

Answer 15

AAROM
towel-horizontal
skateboard
deltoid aid

Question 16

Activities or interventions to use with muscle grade 2+ (with support) or 3

Answer 16

AROM with minimal resistance as tolerated to increase strength shoulder wheel
Finger walk
Purposeful activity
bilateral sander (horizontal easier)

Question 17

Activities or interventions to use with muscle grades 3+, 4-,4: active resistance

Answer 17

Patient actively performs exercise and therapist resists movt  they are performing 
bilateral sander with weights 
theraputty 
theraband 
handweights 
progressive resistive exercise

Question 18

What is progressive resistive exercise

Answer 18

Higher intensity using increased weights or increasing number of repetitions

Question 19

What is Endurance

Answer 19

The ability of a muscle to sustain activity and resist fatigue

Question 20

What is a metabolic equivalent unit (MET)

Answer 20

amount of energy it takes to sustain metabolic processes at rest (respiration digestion temperature etc.)
used to gauge if patient is ready for certain activity

Question 21

What do METs assist in

Answer 21

Establishing a starting point for treatment

sequencing the level of metabolic demands made by different activities

Question 22

What is anaerobic metabolism

Answer 22

Inadequate amounts of oxygen to the muscle
example: walk fast you get short of oxygen burst of energy
avoid fast activity

Question 23

Neuro impaired muscles have what

Answer 23

Fewer muscles available to do the activity

lead to overworked muscles and quicker fatigue

Question 24

What does not necessarily work to increase endurance

Answer 24

Strengthening program

Question 25

How to establish a baseline of how much activity is tolerated before fatigue

Answer 25

METs
Cardiac activity protocols 
intensity 
event target 
target heart rate 
duration 
repetition

Question 26

What is intensity

Answer 26

Effort put forth during the activity

relates to resistance and speed

Question 27

What are event targets

Answer 27

How many minutes it takes to complete The activity

Question 28

How to figure out target heart rate unspecified

Answer 28

Start with taking vital signs at rest
perform activity and observe clinical signs
take vital signs again (start with pulse first)
let patient rest for five minutes and then retake vital signs

Question 29

What are normal vitals

Answer 29

BP 120/80
Respiration (15-20 bpm)
Pulse 60-100 bpm

Question 30

What is the rate of perceived exertion scale (RPE)

Answer 30

Measures subjective feelings of work intensity and exertion

Question 31

Cardiac signs and symptoms during exercise

Answer 31

Diaphoresis
Valsava maneuver
weakness fatigue chest pain syncope confusion dyspenea

Question 32

What is diaphoresis

Answer 32

Profuse sweating with cold clammy skin

Question 33

What is the valsava maneuver

Answer 33

Straining while holding one’s breath

dangerous for those with heart disease

Question 34

How to measure dyspenea

Answer 34

One breath to count to 15= no dyspenea
2 breaths to count to 15= level 1 dyspenea
3 breaths to count to 15= level 2 dyspenea. Stop activity immediately

Question 35

What are the four ways to increase endurance

Answer 35

Increasing MET levels
increasing intensity
increasing the number of repetitions
increasing duration during activity

Question 36

What are two general rules of thumb

Answer 36

High repetition- low weight

working on daily occupations will help to build endurance in a more functional way than pure exercise

Question 37

What are the three types of muscle contractions

Answer 37

Isometric
concentric
eccentric