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561 > Cervical and Low back pain > Flashcards

Cervical and Low back pain Flashcards

1
Q

Where does 50% of rotation occur

A

C1 and C2

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2
Q

What is the atlas

A

C1

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3
Q

What is the axis

A

C2

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4
Q

What is the most prominent of the cervical spine

A

C7

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5
Q

How many nerve roots are there in the cervical spinal cord

A

8

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6
Q

what is cervical Radiculopathy

A

injury/compression to the cervical nerve roots

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7
Q

What does cervical radiculopathy cause

A

herniated disc, cervical spinal stenosis, deg, disk disease, tumors, injury

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8
Q

What are symptoms of cervical radiculopathy

A

motor and sensory muscle weakness
tingling to the UE
(sensory symptoms more common)

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9
Q

What is cervical myelopathy

A

compression on the cervical spinal cord rather than the nerve root

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10
Q

What causes cervical myopathy

A

herniated disc, cervical spinal stenosis, deg. disk disease, tumors, injury

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11
Q

What are symptoms of cervical myelopathy

A 
weakness
problems manipulating small objects 
gait disturbance
bowel bladder dysfunction 
heavy feeling in legs or numbness/tingling
usually not as painful as radiculopathy
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12
Q

Which cervical problem is more serious

A

Cervical myelopathy

but myelopathy isn’t as painful

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13
Q

What is spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck

from age or trauma

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14
Q

what is deg. disk disease

A

bones are touching each other

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15
Q

How to treat cervical radiculopathy

A

NSAIDS
Therapy-modalities/stretching
surgery to relieve pressure off the spinal nerves or cord and possible fusion of the neck

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16
Q

What is the only effective treatment for myelopathy

A

surgery

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17
Q

What are precautions after surgery

A

Philadelphia collar
no flex/ext
no rotation of the neck

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18
Q

What must you keep in mind in regards to cervical pain

A
  1. understand where pain is coming from
  2. what is the action that produces it
  3. is there a disease process that causes it
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19
Q

What is the etiology of cervical pain

A 
Trauma
Arthritis
Cervical strain and sprains
cervical spondylosis 
cervical herniated disc
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20
Q

What’s arthritis

A

inflammatory process or reaction to injury or stress

osteoarthritis

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21
Q

What are cervical strains or sprains

A

Ligament stretching, accelerating-deaccelerating injuries

RA- chronic pain, jt changes, leads to instability in neck and decreased ROM

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22
Q

How to treat cervical strains and sprains

A

rest, icing, meds, gentle stretch as able

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23
Q

how to treat RA

A

meds, cervical collar, isometric exercises

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24
Q

How to test for RA

A

XRAY
MRI
CT

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25
Q

What is cervical spondylosis

A

General term for age-related wear and tear on our discs

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26
Q

What are symptoms of cervical spondylosis

A 
stiff painful neck
shoulder pain
parathesia
numbness or weakness in UE and LE
Lack of coordination
difficulty walking
abnormal reflexes
loss of bowel and bladder control
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27
Q

What can cervical spondylosis cause

A

cervical radiculopathy

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28
Q

Treatment for cervical spondylosis

A

Conservative: cervical collar, meds, strengthening and stretching exercise, apply ice then heat
Surgery
Anterior approach-remove herniated disc or bone spurs
Corpectomy-remove portion or vertebrae to release compression
Posterior approach

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29
Q

What is a common cervical spine condition

A

cervical herniated disc

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30
Q

What do cervical herniated discs cause

A

arm pain

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31
Q

Where are heniated disc most common

A

c5-6 and C6-7

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32
Q

What are conservative tx’s for herniated discs

A 
PT
OT
cervical traction
activity mod 
bracing 
med
injections
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33
Q

What does the cervical spine do

A

Supports and stabilizes the head
allows for ROM of the head
protection and transport for spinal cord and vertebral artery

34
Q

What does the lumbar spine do

A

Furnishes support to the upper body

transmits weight of the upper body to the pelvis and lower extremities

35
Q

What movements are involved that cause low back pain

A 
Rotation 
Sustained posture
flexion 
extension 
a combination of all
36
Q

What can to much extension cause

A

Increased lordosis of the spine

37
Q

What are more prone to injury in low back pain

A

Lumbar discs

38
Q

What is spondylosis

A

Generation of the inter-vertebral disc

39
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

A defect in the vertebral arch

40
Q

What is spondyliolisthesis

A

displacement or subluxation of one disc over another

41
Q

How can discs be injured

A

Protrusion
extrusion
sequestrated desk

42
Q

What is protrusion

A

Disc bulges posteriorly

no rupture

43
Q

What is extrusion

A

Outer fibrous layer is a ruptured and disc moves into the epidural space

44
Q

Is a sequestrated disc

A

Nuclear material of the desk spills out and completely separates from disk
most severe

45
Q

What do injury to discs cause

A

Nerve root impingement

46
Q

Where do Many symptoms of low back pain occur

A

In the LE

47
Q

What May you feel with injury to discs

A

Radicular pain

deep burning pain

48
Q

Kind of injuries you can have in low back pain

A

Injury to discs
mechanical low back pain or sprain
fractures and dislocations

49
Q

What kind of pain do you have in mechanical low back pain or sprains

A

Localized pain, not usually constant

may have muscle guarding

50
Q

What can you have in fractures and dislocations

A

Compression
burst fracture
flexion and distraction

51
Q

What is compression

A

When vertebrae are crushed which causes vertebrae to be wedge-shaped and thin in the front

52
Q

What is a burst fracture

A

Bony fragments into spinal canal, vertebral body is severely compressed
fall from a height or motor vehicle accident

53
Q

What is flexion and distraction

A

Stretching and tearing, a high energy force

example: from seatbelt from motor vehicle accident

54
Q

What is treatment for low back pain

A 
Modalities(Ultrasound)
positioning 
stretching
 meds 
surgery
55
Q

How to prevent back injuries

A

Ergonomics and body mechanics

use of assistive devices to prevent worsening conditions

56
Q

When does most back pain go away

A

Within six weeks

57
Q

What Do general spinal precautions include

A

No Bending
no lifting (greater than 10 pounds)
No twisting

58
Q

What is OT treatment following spinal surgery

A

Teach logroll technique
instruct in bathroom transfers/arrange bathroom equipment
brace
instruct in spinal precautions
Adjust position
instruct in lower body ADLs with or without adaptive devices as tolerated
toilet aids

59
Q

What kind of fractures do you see in hip fractures

A

Femoral neck fractures
intertrochanteric fractures
subtrochanteric fractures

60
Q

Who do you see it with femoral neck fractures

A

Adults over age 60

women

61
Q

Where do Femoral neck fractures occur

A

In bone weakened by osteoporosis

62
Q

Where does the femoral neck fracture occur in the bone

A

Inside of hip capsule and damage to bloodflow

63
Q

Who do intertrochanteric fractures affect

A

Mostly in women over 50 years of age

64
Q

Where does an intertrochanteric fracture occur

A

Between greater and lesser trochanter

65
Q

What part of the bone does intertrochanteric fracture affect

A

Outside of the capsule

blood supply is not affected

66
Q

What is an intertrochanteric fracture caused by

A

Direct force or trauma over the trochanter (any force that exceed strength of the bone)

67
Q

Where does a subtrochanteric fracture occur

A

1 to 2 inches below the lesser trochanter

68
Q

What is a subtrochanteric fracture usually due to

A

Trauma

69
Q

Who are subtrochanteric fractures usually seen in

A

Younger people (sports related injury)

70
Q

What is weight-bearing as tolerated

A

Patient allowed to put as much weight as he or she can tolerate through the operated extremity with pain being the limiting
factor
WBAT

71
Q

What is partial weight-bearing

A

Patient allowed to put up to 50% of his or her bodyweight on the operated extremity
(PWB)

72
Q

What is Touch toe or touch down weightbearing

A

Patient is not allowed to bear weight on the operated extremity but is allowed to touch his or her toes to the floor to maintain balance
TDWB or TTWB

73
Q

What is nonweightbearing

A

Patient is not allowed to bear any weight on the operated extremity
NWB

74
Q

What are hip replacements caused by

A 
RA 
osteoarthritis 
trauma 
disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
75
Q

When are hip replacements done

A

When significant pain interferes with daily function

76
Q

What will traditional hip replacement limitations be

A

Limitations in range of motion

possible weight-bearing status

77
Q

What are hip precautions

A

No bending past 90°
no hip external Rotation
avoid turning foot in word or outward
no twisting

78
Q

OT interventions for hip surgeries

A

Instruct in hip precautions
Know weight-bearing status
instructed in lower body ADLs with adaptive equipment
transfer training (tub/shower, toilet, chair, bed)
adaptive equipment recommendations

79
Q

When to do a total knee replacement

A

For those with arthritis degenerative disease drama

80
Q

What will OT include for total knee replacements

A

Lower body ADL training
transfer training
adaptive equipment as needed

81
Q

What is a continuous passive motion machine used for

A

Those with knee replacements

561 (11 decks)

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