Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Oste/o
Bone
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Arthr/o
Joint
Myel/o
Bone marrow
Ten/o, tendin/o
Tendon (binds muscle to bone)
Ligament/o
Ligament (binds bone to bone)
Burs/o
Bursa, “bag”, (shock absorber between tendons and bones)
My/o, myos/o
Muscle
-malacia
Softening
-porosis
Porous
-asthenia
Weakness, loss of strength
-trophy
Development, stimulation, maintenance
-algia, algesia
Pain
Atrophy
shriveling of muscles
hypertrophy
increase in size and strength of muscles
analgesia
take away pain
Arthritis
our joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentimes, loss of mobility of joints
Osteoporosis
Porous bone
Osteomalacia
Soft bones
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Repetitive flexing movements may inflame and thicken the ligament over the “tunnel” through the carpal (wrist) bones trapping and compressing the nerve.
Tendonitis
Repeated strain on a tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle
Rotator cuff tear
Hard, fast movements, such as in tennis and baseball can tear one of these tendons resulting in pain and decreased mobility of the shoulder
Bursitis
A bursa is a small, closed bag with a minimum amount of lubricatory fluid that serves as a shock absorber where bones make close contact and to minimize trauma and friction where tendons cross bones and joints. Inflammation leads to pain and immobility in a joint area
Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases in which the muscles that control movement progressively weaken. The prefix, dys-, means abnormal. The root, -trophy, refers to maintaining normal nourishment, structure and function
Myasthenia gravis
This is an autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions
Lupus erythematosus
An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints
Orthopaedist
Orthopaedics is a surgical subspecialty that in the past devoted much of its time to treating musculoskeletal deformities in children
Rheumatologist
To study the flux of fluids
Osteopath/osteopathic physician (D.O.)
emphasis on the influence of the musculoskeletal system and its interrelationship to other body systems
Podiatrists
are surgical subspecialists in diseases and structural problems of the feet
Physical therapist
PTs are rehabilitation specialists treating a multitude of medical problems including patients recovering from joint surgery, limb amputation, a stroke, heart attack and suffering with chronic neuromuscular diseases
Arthroscopy
A fiberoptic instrument is introduced into a joint cavity in order to visualize surfaces of bones entering into a joint, find tears in internal joint structures and evaluate sources of inflammation.
Bone scan
A radioactive element in very small amounts, not enough to cause any radiation injury to the patient, is introduced into the blood stream
Electromyography
a recording of muscle electrical activity
Muscle biopsy
Cutting out a small tissue sample of muscle in order to examine it under a microscope
