Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Name the two main divisions of the skeleton system

Answer 1

The Axial Skeleton, The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 2

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

The main function of the Axial Skeleton (composed by the skull, spine and ribcage)is to protect the internal organs and support the Appendicular Skeleton(composed by the limbs, arms and legs plus the clavicle and pelvis, its main function is movement and support

Question 3

Where would you find bone marrow and what is its function?

Answer 3

It is found in the bones. There are two types of bone marrow. Red bone marrow (found at the the end of long bones), in flat bones in the cancellous (“spongy”) part of the bone).

Question 4

What is the difference in yellow and red bone marrow?

Answer 4

Yellow bone marrow is found in the shaft and stores fats, Red bone marrow makes new blood cells.

Question 5

Name the 5 different types of freely moveable or synovial joints?

Answer 5

Ball & Socket(hip & shoulder), Hinge(elbow & knee) Gliding joints(tarsals & carpal bones) Saddle joints(wrist & the joint between the phalange of the thumb and its metacarpal).

Question 6

Name two disorders of the skeletal system

Answer 6

Arthritis, Osteoporosis

Question 7

How many bones are in the foot?

Answer 7

26

Question 8

How many types of bones are there in the body?, name them.

Answer 8

5, Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

Question 9

How many bones in the human spinal column? name them

Answer 9

33 bones - 7 vertebrae in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region, and 4 in the coccygeal region

Question 10

How many pairs of ribs are in the rib cage?

Answer 10

12 pairs of ribs

Question 11

What is a tendon?

Answer 11

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to muscle

Question 12

What is a ligament?

Answer 12

A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Question 13

What type of joints are there?

Answer 13

fixed, slightly moveable, freely moveable joints

Question 14

What is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 14

The Sacroiliac joints are formed by the connection of the sacrum and the right and left iliac bones

Question 15

How many vertebrae are in the spine.

Answer 15

33 vertabrae. 7 cervical (bones in the neck), 12 thoracic vertebrae (they carry the ribs in the centre of the body), 5 Lumbar vertebrae (Lower back), 5 Sacral vertebrae (fused to form the sacrum), 4 Coccygeal vertebrae ( fused to form the coccyx).

Question 16

Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column

Answer 16

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 17

Name the bones of the hand

Answer 17

8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges

Question 18

Name 3 bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 18

Ilium,
Ischium
Pubis

Question 19

Name the categories of joints

Answer 19

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous

Question 20

Types of muscle

Answer 20

Smooth
Cardiac
Voluntary
Skeletal

Question 21

List 4 bones

Answer 21

Femur
Ulna
Tibia
Humerus
Radius

Question 22

Name the 4 basic types of tissue.

Answer 22

Nerve, Epithelial, Connective, Muscle

Question 23

Name 4 functions of muscles.

Answer 23

Provide strength, Balance, Posture, Movement, Heat for the
body to keep warm, Cardiac contractility

Question 24

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Answer 24

Involuntary muscles are
muscles controlled only by the autonomic nervous system (digesting food, peristalsis) .
These cannot be controlled consciously. While Voluntary muscles we can control them
(walking, smiling)

Question 25

Where does the muscle take the energy from when it needs it?

Answer 25

The process of muscle
contraction requires chemical reactions at cellular level + electrical messages from the
nervous system. When a cell needs energy for chemical reactions, ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) is broken down to find this energy.

Question 26

Name three diseases and disorders of the muscular system

Answer 26

Fibromyalgia, Atony Atrophy. cramps , Ms

Question 27

What are the functions of - a) a muscle? - b) a tendon? - c) a ligament?

Answer 27

Tendons and ligaments are connective tissues that transmit mechanical forces between muscles and bones. Tendons attach muscle to skeleton, whereas ligaments attach bone to bone and stabilize skeletal joints. Muscles function is movement and to produce force and motion

Question 28

38) Where are the sacro-iliac joints located in the body?

Answer 28

The sacroiliac joint is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis

Question 29

The main three functions of the skeletal system

Answer 29

Support of the body, Locomotion, provide protection for internal organs, produces of blood cells + the storage of minerals, particularly calcium, + development

Question 30

Name the 4 components of the Skeletal System

Answer 30

The skeletal system is composed of four main fibrous and mineralized connective tissues: bones, ligaments, tendons, and joints.

Question 31

42) What does the Appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 31

The Appendicular Skeleton consists of 126 bones that include both the upper and lower limbs and bones shoulders girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 32

How many bones are in the foot?

Answer 32

And in the hand? 26 bones in the foot, 27 bones in the hand

Question 33

What is bone marrow? Name one function and where in the body would you find it?

Answer 33

Bone marrow is soft, flexible connective tissue within bone cavities, bone marrow functions primarily to produce blood cells and to store fat. Red V Yellow Marrow. In adults, red marrow is mostly in the skull, pelvis, spine, ribs, sternum, shoulder blades, and near the point of attachment of the long bones of the arms and legs. The red marrow produces blood cells. Yellow marrow consists primarily of fat cells. Yellow marrow is found in spongy bones and in the shaft of long bones. When blood supply is extremely low, yellow marrow can be converted to red marrow in order to produce more blood cells.

Question 34

How many different types of bones are in the human skeleton?

Answer 34

There are five types of bones in the human skeletal system: Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid.

Question 35

Name the 3 different types of joints.

Answer 35

Fixed or Fibrous joint, cartilaginous or slightly movable joint, freely movable or synovial joint.