Cardiovascular System Flashcards
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four. left & right Atrium, left & right Ventricle
Which muscular structure separates the heart into left and right
Septum
Which Major Artery exits the left ventricle and provides oxygenated blood to the body
Aorta
Which condition occurs as a result of plaque building up in the arteries
Atherosclerosis
What functions of the cardiovascular system occurs in the veins
Carrying blood towards the heart
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
Bicuspid
Which term can be used to describe the relaxation phase of the heart
Diastolic
How can the circulatory system promote heat retention/conservation, such as on a cold day
Vasoconstriction
A tiny blood vessel that allows for exchange between the blood and cells in the tissue in the body is called..
Capillary
Are the Atriums located below the ventricles
no False
Arteries carry blood away from the heart
True
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs
By Volume, what is the primary component of blood
Water
Which of the following compounds transport oxygen in the blood
Haemoglobin is the iron containing oxygen binding compound found in red blood cells
Which of the following blood types may be referred to as the universal donor
0-
Which of the following promotes blood clotting
platelets
A low red blood cell count or a reduced amount of haemoglobin is called..
Anaemia
What is Leukaemia
Its a rare form of cancer that effects blood cells. It results in the production of large numbers of white blood cells
What is the function of the Pulmonary Vein
Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is another name for a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
What is an embolism
When the circulating blood clot (embolus) becomes lodged in a vessel, it can completely or partially obstruct flow of blood and the result can be severe tissue damage or death
What is the build up of plaque in the arterial wall called
Atherosclerosis
What is the plaque composed of
Fats, Cholesterol and other substances
what does the right ventricle do
The right ventricle is a chamber of the heart that pumps blood for the pulmonary circulation. blood goes from here to the lungs
What way does blood flow on the left side of the heart
Blood flows from the left Atrium, through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle, through the aortic semilunar valve, and then into the aortic arch.
What is also known as a mitral valve
Bicuspid
Which type of blood vessel has a pulse
Artery
What sort of circulatory system is the human circulatory system
The human circulatory system is a double circulatory system, it is called double because blood passes through the heart twice per circuit
What is a common risk factor for heart disease
Being overweight
List 3 main components of the cardiovascular system
Heart, Blood and Vessels
Name 3 divisions of the cardiovascular system
The Coronary circuit, The Pulmonary circuit and the Systemic circuit
Does the heart need the help of the nervous system to work
Yes
Name two functions of the cardiovascular system
Delivery of oxygen, nutrients and other substances. Removal of waste products of cellular metabolism. It also has a role in maintaining body temperature
What is the name of the mechanism which controls the hormone levels in the body
Feedback mechanism
Name two hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Prolactin - stimulates milk production, MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) - Stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair, pituitary gonadotropins stimulate the gonads in males, the testes and in females, the ovaries.
Name one hormone produced by the thyroid gland
Thyroxine T3 and T4
Where in the foot is the Thyroid reflex point
Zone 1, under the big toe on both feet, between the toes and the diaphragm line
Name two hormones secreted by the pancreas
insulin - lowers blood pressure in the blood Glucagon - to increase sugar levels in the blood
Where on the foot is the pancreas
right foot zone 1, left foot zone 1,2,3
Name 4 endocrine glands
Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas,
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
Endocrine glands are referred to as ductless as they secrete directly into the bloodstream or interstitial fluid. An exocrine gland secretes its product into a duct.
What are the male gonads and what hormone do they secrete
Testes, they produce testosterone
What is the main function of the endocrine system
The Endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones
Name two diseases and disorders of the Endocrine
Addison disease, Diabetes
When a client has severe recurrent infections, when should the client be treated
In between bouts of the infections. When the infection is under control
