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Animal biology > Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

A

• Appendicular (limbs + attachments)
• Axial (centre of body - skull to tail)

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2
Q

Give one adaption of the rabbit’s skeleton that help it to hop

A

• Curved spine
• Longer bones
• Longer phalanges

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3
Q

State two musculoskeletal disorders

A

• Arthritis
• Rickets
• Scurvy
• Hip dysplasia

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4
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Connect bones to bones to form a joint

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5
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect bones to muscles to allow movement

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6
Q

Give two symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs

A

• Stiffness
• Pain/discomfort
• Difficulty walking

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7
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

A

• Bone marrow
• Blood cells
• Spongy bone
• Minerals

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8
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

A

• Honeycomb structure
• Air pockets
• Hollow
• Lighter for flight

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9
Q

State four functions of the skeletal system

A

• Locomotion
• Protection
• Mineral storage
• Structure

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10
Q

Give 3 functions of the integumentary system

A

• Storage of water and fat
• Camouflage
• Thermoregulation

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11
Q

Give two types of joint

A

• Fibrous
• Synovial
• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Cartilaginous

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12
Q

Give the three layers of the skin

A

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous layer

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13
Q

Label the two glands in the skin

A

• Oil gland
• Sweat gland

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14
Q

Describe two layers of the skin

A

• Epidermis - top layer, protective, waterproof
• Dermis - middle layer, nerves, blood vessels

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15
Q

Define the term haematopoiesis

A

Formation/production of blood cells

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16
Q

Explain two adaptions of the muscoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

A

• Hollow bones - reduces weight
• Fuses bones - strength/support
• Smaller number of bones - lighter for flight

17
Q

State two functions of feathers

A

• Flight
• Mating

18
Q

What are filoplumes

A

Small, sensory feathers

19
Q

What are contours

A

Outside feathers for insulation and to be waterproof

20
Q

What are flight feathers for?

A

Support during flight

21
Q

What are semiplume feathers for?

A

Insulation

22
Q

What are down feathers?

A

Small, soft, fluffy feathers for insulation

23
Q

What are ptarmigan feathers for?

A

Walking in snow

24
Q

What does the integumentary system include?

A

Skin, hair, scales, feathers, hooves

25
Q

Give 5 classifications of bones

A

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid

26
Q

Which bones are part of the axial skeletal system?

A

• Mandible
• Rib cage
• Skull

27
Q

What are the 6 feather types?

A

• Contour
• Down
• Semiplume
• Flight
• Bristle
• Filoplume

28
Q

What are feathers made of?

A

Beta-keratin

29
Q

What is the line down the middle of a feather called?

A

Rachis

Animal biology (9 decks)

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