Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
• Appendicular (limbs + attachments)
• Axial (centre of body - skull to tail)
Give one adaption of the rabbit’s skeleton that help it to hop
• Curved spine
• Longer bones
• Longer phalanges
State two musculoskeletal disorders
• Arthritis
• Rickets
• Scurvy
• Hip dysplasia
What do ligaments do?
Connect bones to bones to form a joint
What do tendons do?
Connect bones to muscles to allow movement
Give two symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs
• Stiffness
• Pain/discomfort
• Difficulty walking
Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals
• Bone marrow
• Blood cells
• Spongy bone
• Minerals
Describe the internal structure of bones in birds
• Honeycomb structure
• Air pockets
• Hollow
• Lighter for flight
State four functions of the skeletal system
• Locomotion
• Protection
• Mineral storage
• Structure
Give 3 functions of the integumentary system
• Storage of water and fat
• Camouflage
• Thermoregulation
Give two types of joint
• Fibrous
• Synovial
• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Cartilaginous
Give the three layers of the skin
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous layer
Label the two glands in the skin
• Oil gland
• Sweat gland
Describe two layers of the skin
• Epidermis - top layer, protective, waterproof
• Dermis - middle layer, nerves, blood vessels
Define the term haematopoiesis
Formation/production of blood cells
Explain two adaptions of the muscoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly
• Hollow bones - reduces weight
• Fuses bones - strength/support
• Smaller number of bones - lighter for flight
State two functions of feathers
• Flight
• Mating
What are filoplumes
Small, sensory feathers
What are contours
Outside feathers for insulation and to be waterproof
What are flight feathers for?
Support during flight
What are semiplume feathers for?
Insulation
What are down feathers?
Small, soft, fluffy feathers for insulation
What are ptarmigan feathers for?
Walking in snow
What does the integumentary system include?
Skin, hair, scales, feathers, hooves
Give 5 classifications of bones
• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid
Which bones are part of the axial skeletal system?
• Mandible
• Rib cage
• Skull
What are the 6 feather types?
• Contour
• Down
• Semiplume
• Flight
• Bristle
• Filoplume
What are feathers made of?
Beta-keratin
What is the line down the middle of a feather called?
Rachis
