Circulatory and respiratory systems

Question 1

What are the 5 components of blood?

Answer 1

• Water
• Platelets
• Leukocytes
• Erythrocytes
• Plasma

Question 2

What percentage of the blood is made up of plasma?

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

What percentage of the blood is made up of white blood cells and platelets?

Answer 3

> 1%

Question 4

What percentage of the blood is made up of red blood cells?

Answer 4

45%

Question 5

Describe the three layers of the heart

Answer 5

•Pericardium - protective outer layer
• Myocardium - specialised muscle
• Endocardium - smooth inner lining

Question 6

What are the two types of heart valves?

Answer 6

• Atrioventricular valves
• Semilunar valves

Question 7

Describe the blood vessels

Answer 7

Arteries - carry oxygenated blood
Veins - carry deoxygenated blood
Capillaries - Allow exchange of compounds

Question 8

Describe the three phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 8

• Atrial systole - contraction phase
• Ventricular systole
• Diastole - relaxation phase

Question 9

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 9

Sinoatrial node

Question 10

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 10

Returns the fluid that has leaked from capillaries to the circulating blood

Question 11

What is the first line of defence against disease?

Answer 11

The lymphatic system

Question 12

What is respiration?

Answer 12

The gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment

Question 13

What is the avian equivalent of nostrils?

Answer 13

Nares

Question 14

What is the difference between haemoglobin and myoglobin?

Answer 14

•Haemoglobin is in the blood
•Myoglobin is in the muscles

Question 15

Name 3 circulatory disorders

Answer 15

• Heart murmurs
• Mitral valve disease
• Von willebrand disease
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 16

Give two ways of diagnosing circulatory diseases

Answer 16

• Electrocardiography
• Radiography
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Echocardiography

Question 17

Give 3 symptoms of von willebrand disease

Answer 17

• Lameness in joints
• Unexplained bleeding
• Blood in urine/faeces

Question 18

Give 3 symptoms of mitral valve disease and the treatment

Answer 18

•Heart murmur
•Weight loss
•Low energy
• Treatment :
- Use of drugs to remove excess fluid
- A low-sodium diet and exercise restriction

Question 19

Describe gaseous exchange

Answer 19

Gases move by diffusion from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Question 20

Describe aerobic respiration

Answer 20

• Release of energy from breakdown of glucose combining with oxygen
• Occurs in mitochondria of cells

Question 21

Describe anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

• Breakdown of glucose to energy and lactic acid without oxygen
• Occurs in cytoplasm

Question 22

What is the homeostasis response to blood oxygen increase

Answer 22

• Heart rate decreases
• Respiratory rate decreases
• Respiratory volume decreases

Question 23

What is the homeostasis response to blood carbon dioxide increase

Answer 23

• Heart rate increases
• Respiratory rate increases
• Respiratory volume increases

Question 24

Describe the functions of haemoglobin

Answer 24

• Protein found in red blood cells
• Carries four oxygen molecules
• Transports oxygen around the body
• Removes carbon dioxide as a waste product

Question 25

Describe the functions of myoglobin

Answer 25

• Protein found in muscle cells • Carries one oxygen molecule • Acts as an oxygen store • Oxygen and iron binding protein

Question 26

Name the valves of the heart

Answer 26

• Semilunar (pulmonary) / aortic valve • Bicuspid valve • Tricuspid valve