Circulatory and respiratory systems Flashcards
What are the 5 components of blood?
• Water
• Platelets
• Leukocytes
• Erythrocytes
• Plasma
What percentage of the blood is made up of plasma?
55%
What percentage of the blood is made up of white blood cells and platelets?
> 1%
What percentage of the blood is made up of red blood cells?
45%
Describe the three layers of the heart
•Pericardium - protective outer layer
• Myocardium - specialised muscle
• Endocardium - smooth inner lining
What are the two types of heart valves?
• Atrioventricular valves
• Semilunar valves
Describe the blood vessels
Arteries - carry oxygenated blood
Veins - carry deoxygenated blood
Capillaries - Allow exchange of compounds
Describe the three phases of the cardiac cycle
• Atrial systole - contraction phase
• Ventricular systole
• Diastole - relaxation phase
What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
What does the lymphatic system do?
Returns the fluid that has leaked from capillaries to the circulating blood
What is the first line of defence against disease?
The lymphatic system
What is respiration?
The gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment
What is the avian equivalent of nostrils?
Nares
What is the difference between haemoglobin and myoglobin?
•Haemoglobin is in the blood
•Myoglobin is in the muscles
Name 3 circulatory disorders
• Heart murmurs
• Mitral valve disease
• Von willebrand disease
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
Give two ways of diagnosing circulatory diseases
• Electrocardiography
• Radiography
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Echocardiography
Give 3 symptoms of von willebrand disease
• Lameness in joints
• Unexplained bleeding
• Blood in urine/faeces
Give 3 symptoms of mitral valve disease and the treatment
•Heart murmur
•Weight loss
•Low energy
• Treatment :
- Use of drugs to remove excess fluid
- A low-sodium diet and exercise restriction
Describe gaseous exchange
Gases move by diffusion from area of high concentration to area of low concentration
Describe aerobic respiration
• Release of energy from breakdown of glucose combining with oxygen
• Occurs in mitochondria of cells
Describe anaerobic respiration
• Breakdown of glucose to energy and lactic acid without oxygen
• Occurs in cytoplasm
What is the homeostasis response to blood oxygen increase
• Heart rate decreases
• Respiratory rate decreases
• Respiratory volume decreases
What is the homeostasis response to blood carbon dioxide increase
• Heart rate increases
• Respiratory rate increases
• Respiratory volume increases
Describe the functions of haemoglobin
• Protein found in red blood cells
• Carries four oxygen molecules
• Transports oxygen around the body
• Removes carbon dioxide as a waste product
Describe the functions of myoglobin
• Protein found in muscle cells
• Carries one oxygen molecule
• Acts as an oxygen store
• Oxygen and iron binding protein
Name the valves of the heart
• Semilunar (pulmonary) / aortic valve
• Bicuspid valve
• Tricuspid valve
