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KINE 326-Applied Anatomy > Musculoskeletal Structure of the Knee > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Structure of the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What two joints make the knee joint?

A

tibio-femoral joint

patello-femoral

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2
Q

What are the primary joint motions of the knee?

A

flexion and extension

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3
Q

Where does the menisci sit?

A

Medial and Lateral Tibial plateau

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4
Q

Where does the patella sit at?

A

intercondolar groove

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5
Q

What articulates the patella and femur?

A

patello-femoral joint

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6
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

sesamoid

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7
Q

What are the functions of the patello-femoral joint?

A

1) increases the angle of pull of quads on tibia
2) centralizes tension of quads into a single line of action
3) some protection

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8
Q

How is the femoral shaft angulated?

A

medially

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9
Q

How is the tibial shaft angulated?

A

vertically

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10
Q

In the tibiofemoral joint, what extends distally to maintain distal femur on horizontal?

A

medial condyle

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11
Q

What is the muscle involved in the Screw Home Mechanism?

A

popliteus

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12
Q

What is the Screw Home Mechanism?

A

automatic rotation of the tibia in knee flexion

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13
Q

What is the Q Angle?

A

Quadriceps Angle

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14
Q

How is the Q Angle Formed?

A

ASIS and Mid-patella cross with the tibial tuberosity and mid-patella

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15
Q

What do the legs do if the Q Angle is small or negative?

A

bow out

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16
Q

What do the legs do if the Q Angle is greater than 17 degrees?

A

Knock together

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17
Q

What is another name for bowleggedness?

A

Genu Varum

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18
Q

What is another name for knock knees?

A

Genu Valgum

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19
Q

What is the Menisci made of?

A

fibrocartilage

20
Q

What side of the meniscus is larger than the other and why?

A

medial side because the medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle

21
Q

What portion of the meniscus is avascular and what portion is supplied with blood?

A

inner portion is avascular

Outer portion is supplied with blood

22
Q

What usually tears if the meniscus is torn?

A

MCL

23
Q

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?

A

MCL (Tibular) and LCL (Fibular)

24
Q

What does the MCL help prevent?

A

valgus movements

25
Q

What helps stabilize the leg’s lateral support?

A

Iliotibial Band

26
Q

What are the cruciate ligaments?

A

ACL and PCL

27
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments form whenever they cross?

A

X

28
Q

How are the cruciate ligaments named?

A

for their tibial attachments

29
Q

Where does the PCL originate and where does it attach?

A

Originates on the anterior femur and attaches on the posterior tibia

30
Q

Where does the ACL originate and where does it attach?

A

Originates on the posterior femur and attaches on the anterior tibia

31
Q

What does the PCL prevent?

A

prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia; vise versa

32
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia; vise versa

33
Q

Which one is prone to injury, ACL or PCL?

A

ACL because the PCL is shorter and thicker

34
Q

How can you tear your ACL?

A

rapid cutting movements while the foot is planted and the knee is flexed; internal rotation while being hyperextended

35
Q

What gender is more prone to injure their ACL?

A

Women because of wider pelvis, greater flexibility, less developed musculature, narrow femoral notch, and valgum knees

36
Q

How can you tear your PCL?

A

the knee is forcefully twisted or hyperextended EX: being tackled when knee is extended

37
Q

Explain the Dashboard injury

A

bent knee hits the dashboard below the knee cap forcing the tibia backwards on the femur tearing the PCL

38
Q

Landing on a bent knee can do what?

A

tear your PCL

39
Q

How can you tear your MCL?

A

force is applied and the lateral side of the knee while the foot is planted

40
Q

What is the most common knee injury?

A

tearing of the meniscus

41
Q

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

42
Q

What muscles make up the posterior thigh?

A

B.F
S.T
S.M
Popliteus

43
Q

Where do all the hamstring muscles attach besides the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

the ischial tuberosity

44
Q

What is the politeus responsible for?

A

unlocking the knee

45
Q

What muscles make up the anterior thigh?

A 
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis 
Vastus Medialis 
Vastus Intermedius (under R.F)
Quad Tendon (before patella)
Patellar Tendon (after patella)
Sartorius 
Tensor Fasciae Latea (TFL)
46
Q

What muscle is responsible for lateral rotation?

A

biceps femoris; attaches to lateral aspect of knee

47
Q

What is responsible for Medial Rotation?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Popliteus

KINE 326-Applied Anatomy (7 decks)

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