Musculoskeletal Structure of the Knee

Question 1

What two joints make the knee joint?

Answer 1

tibio-femoral joint

patello-femoral

Question 2

What are the primary joint motions of the knee?

Answer 2

flexion and extension

Question 3

Where does the menisci sit?

Answer 3

Medial and Lateral Tibial plateau

Question 4

Where does the patella sit at?

Answer 4

intercondolar groove

Question 5

What articulates the patella and femur?

Answer 5

patello-femoral joint

Question 6

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 6

sesamoid

Question 7

What are the functions of the patello-femoral joint?

Answer 7

1) increases the angle of pull of quads on tibia
2) centralizes tension of quads into a single line of action
3) some protection

Question 8

How is the femoral shaft angulated?

Answer 8

medially

Question 9

How is the tibial shaft angulated?

Answer 9

vertically

Question 10

In the tibiofemoral joint, what extends distally to maintain distal femur on horizontal?

Answer 10

medial condyle

Question 11

What is the muscle involved in the Screw Home Mechanism?

Answer 11

popliteus

Question 12

What is the Screw Home Mechanism?

Answer 12

automatic rotation of the tibia in knee flexion

Question 13

What is the Q Angle?

Answer 13

Quadriceps Angle

Question 14

How is the Q Angle Formed?

Answer 14

ASIS and Mid-patella cross with the tibial tuberosity and mid-patella

Question 15

What do the legs do if the Q Angle is small or negative?

Answer 15

bow out

Question 16

What do the legs do if the Q Angle is greater than 17 degrees?

Answer 16

Knock together

Question 17

What is another name for bowleggedness?

Answer 17

Genu Varum

Question 18

What is another name for knock knees?

Answer 18

Genu Valgum

Question 19

What is the Menisci made of?

Answer 19

fibrocartilage

Question 20

What side of the meniscus is larger than the other and why?

Answer 20

medial side because the medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle

Question 21

What portion of the meniscus is avascular and what portion is supplied with blood?

Answer 21

inner portion is avascular

Outer portion is supplied with blood

Question 22

What usually tears if the meniscus is torn?

Answer 22

MCL

Question 23

What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?

Answer 23

MCL (Tibular) and LCL (Fibular)

Question 24

What does the MCL help prevent?

Answer 24

valgus movements

Question 25

What helps stabilize the leg's lateral support?

Answer 25

Iliotibial Band

Question 26

What are the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 26

ACL and PCL

Question 27

What do the cruciate ligaments form whenever they cross?

Answer 27

X

Question 28

How are the cruciate ligaments named?

Answer 28

for their tibial attachments

Question 29

Where does the PCL originate and where does it attach?

Answer 29

Originates on the anterior femur and attaches on the posterior tibia

Question 30

Where does the ACL originate and where does it attach?

Answer 30

Originates on the posterior femur and attaches on the anterior tibia

Question 31

What does the PCL prevent?

Answer 31

prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia; vise versa

Question 32

What does the ACL prevent?

Answer 32

prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia; vise versa

Question 33

Which one is prone to injury, ACL or PCL?

Answer 33

ACL because the PCL is shorter and thicker

Question 34

How can you tear your ACL?

Answer 34

rapid cutting movements while the foot is planted and the knee is flexed; internal rotation while being hyperextended

Question 35

What gender is more prone to injure their ACL?

Answer 35

Women because of wider pelvis, greater flexibility, less developed musculature, narrow femoral notch, and valgum knees

Question 36

How can you tear your PCL?

Answer 36

the knee is forcefully twisted or hyperextended EX: being tackled when knee is extended

Question 37

Explain the Dashboard injury

Answer 37

bent knee hits the dashboard below the knee cap forcing the tibia backwards on the femur tearing the PCL

Question 38

Landing on a bent knee can do what?

Answer 38

tear your PCL

Question 39

How can you tear your MCL?

Answer 39

force is applied and the lateral side of the knee while the foot is planted

Question 40

What is the most common knee injury?

Answer 40

tearing of the meniscus

Question 41

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 41

Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 42

What muscles make up the posterior thigh?

Answer 42

B.F S.T S.M Popliteus

Question 43

Where do all the hamstring muscles attach besides the short head of the biceps femoris?

Answer 43

the ischial tuberosity

Question 44

What is the politeus responsible for?

Answer 44

unlocking the knee

Question 45

What muscles make up the anterior thigh?

Answer 45

``` Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius (under R.F) Quad Tendon (before patella) Patellar Tendon (after patella) Sartorius Tensor Fasciae Latea (TFL) ```

Question 46

What muscle is responsible for lateral rotation?

Answer 46

biceps femoris; attaches to lateral aspect of knee

Question 47

What is responsible for Medial Rotation?

Answer 47

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus