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KINE 326-Applied Anatomy > Musculoskeletal Structure of the Ankle and Lower Leg > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Structure of the Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tarsals of the foot equivalent too of in the wrist?

A

the carpals

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2
Q

What bones of the feet are equivalent to the fingers?

A

Metatarsals and Phalanges

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3
Q

What are the Metatarsals equivalent to in the hand?

A

the bones in the palm

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4
Q

What are the Phalanges equivalent to in the hand?

A

the fingers

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5
Q

In what direction are the digits numbered?

A

Medial-Lateral; going from 1-5

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6
Q

What is the anatomical name for the big toe?

A

hallux

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7
Q

What is unique about the structure of the hallux?

A

it only has distal and proximal phalanges; the others have a middle phalange

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8
Q

How many total middle phalanges are there?

A

4

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9
Q

What is the name of the joint between the tarsals and metatarsals?

A

Tarsometatarsal Joint

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10
Q

What is the name of the joint between the tarsals and talus?

A

Transverse Tarsal Joint

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11
Q

What bone in the ankle articulates with the lower leg?

A

talus

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12
Q

What bones in the foot help with articulation and movement?

A

cuneiforms

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13
Q

What part of the fibula articulates with the talus?

A

Lateral Malleolus

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14
Q

What part of the tibia articulates with the talus?

A

Medial Malleolus

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15
Q

What ligament is between the tibia and fibula?

A

interosseous membrane

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16
Q

Between the tibia and fibula, which one is weight bearing and which one is non-weight bearing?

A

Tibia is weight bearing

Fibula is non-weight bearing

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17
Q

What are the articulations for the tibia?

A

Distal- Talus and Fibula

Proximal- Femur and Fibula

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18
Q

What is the lateral shin?

A

Fibula

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19
Q

What is the function of the fibula?

A

assists in resisting tibular torsion

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20
Q

What are the functions of the ankle and foot?

A

1) provide a stable base
2) accommodation of varied terrains during posture and gait
3) shock absorber with contact in walking and gait
4) provides a moment arm for ground reaction force to permit efficient push off

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21
Q

What is the moment arm?

A

increases the mechanical advantage and torque production of a muscle

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22
Q

How many joints and bones are their in the lower leg, the ankle, and the foot?

A

25 bones and 25 joints

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23
Q

What are the joints in the lower leg, ankle, and foot?

A 
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Talocalcaneal Joint 
Talonavicular Joint
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Tarsometatarsal Joint (5)
Metatarsophalangeal Joints (5)
Interphalangeal Joints (9); only one for the big toe
24
Q

What joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Talovicular Joint and Talocalcaneal Joint and Talocuboid joint

25
Q

What joints combine to perform eversion and inversion?

A

Talonavicular Joint
Talocalcaneal Joint
Calcaneocuboid Joint

26
Q

What are the three functional segments of the foot?

A

Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

27
Q

What bones make up the hindfoot?

A

Talus and Calcaneous

28
Q

What bones make up the Midfoot?

A

navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

29
Q

What bones make up the Forefoot?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

30
Q

What joint is between the lower leg and the top of the talus?

A

Talocrural Joint

31
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the Talocrural Joint have?

A

1; PF and DF

32
Q

What type of joint is the the Talocrural Joint?

A

hinge

33
Q

Where does the Subtalar Joint articulate?

A

talus and calcaneus

34
Q

What does the Subtalar joint articulate too?

A

between talus, navicular, calcaneus, and cuboid bones

35
Q

What does the Subtalar Joint separate?

A

hindfoot and midfoot

36
Q

What movement occurs at the Subtalar Joint?

A

Eversion and Inversion

37
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A

Medial
Lateral
Transverse

38
Q

What are the arches maintained through?

A

tarsal and metatarsal bones, ligaments, and fascia

39
Q

What stores the energy during movement of the arches?

A

fascia

40
Q

What is another word for eversion?

A

Valgus

41
Q

What is another word for inversion?

A

Varus

42
Q

What are the different arch types?

A

normal-pes rectus
high-pes cavus
flat-pes planus

43
Q

Arches can be either ____ or ____?

A

flexible or rigid

44
Q

What type of arch is poor at shock absorbing?

A

high arch

45
Q

What type of arch is easy to pronate?

A

flat

46
Q

How do ankle sprains occur?

A

laterally (PF and inversion) or medially (eversion); lateral is more common

47
Q

What are the deltoid (medial) ligaments of the ankle?

A

Anterior/Posterior Tibiotalar
Tibiocalcaneal
Tiboinavacular

48
Q

What are the 3 Lateral Ligaments?

A 
Anterior Talofibular (ATF; most common injured)
Calconeofibular (CF; most common injured)
Posterior Talofibular (PTF)
49
Q

What are the other ligaments of the Ankle?

A

Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular (AITF)

50
Q

What are some of the plantar flexors?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
-both insert at the calcaneal tendon

51
Q

What are some of the Assistant Plantar Flexors?

A 
Tibialis Posterior
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Plantaris 
-their tendons pass posteriorly to the malleoli
52
Q

What are some of the Dorsiflexors?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus Tertius

53
Q

What is DOMS?

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

54
Q

What are the invertors?

A 
The primary ones:
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
The rest:
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
55
Q

What are the evertors?

A 
Primary:
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
The rest:
Peroneus Tertius
Extensor Digitorum Longus
56
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A 
Quadratus Plantae
Lumbricals
Fibularis Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digit Minimi
Abductor Hallucis

KINE 326-Applied Anatomy (7 decks)

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