Musculoskeletal Disorders Pt. 2 Flashcards
What is a fluid-filled cavity filled with synovial fluid?
Synovial joint
What is a Fibrous layer of dense regular connective tissue that Attaches bones and Ligaments and tendons reinforce joint?
Articular capsule
What is inflammation of a bone caused by infectious microorganisms, Mostly commonly bacteria, specifically staphylococcus aureus?
Osteomyelitis
What describes a new bone infection that can develop into a chronic infection and inflammatory reaction without proper treatment?
Acute osteomyelitis
What is the result of persistent bone infection, failed treatment, or untreated acute disease?
Chronic osteomyelitis
What is a Bone infection acquired by invasion of the bone by direct extension from the environment?
Exogenous (contiguous) osteomyelitis
What is a Bone infection acquired from the spread of infectious organisms (usually bacterial) via the bloodstream from preexisting infections:
Such as, but not limited, to: sinus, ear, dental, soft tissue, respiratory, and genitourinary infections?
Hematogenous osteomyelitis
What pathology presents with elevated WBC count, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and positive blood cultures?
Osteomyelitis
What is slowly evolving degenerative joint disease that appears to originate in the cartilage and affects the underlying bone, soft tissues, and synovial fluid?
Osteoarthritis
What type of OA is unknown etiology, but may be related to a series of joint degeneration events associated with defective articular cartilage?
Primary OA
What type of OA is associated with a known injury or disorder, such as trauma, infection, hemarthrosis, osteonecrosis, or some other condition?
Secondary OA
What is a disorder of the whole synovial joint, not just “wear and tear” on the articular cartilage: OA is an active disease process with joint tissue destruction, inflammation, and abnormal repair?
OA
What pathology has Underlying bone metabolic changes may proceed with loss of cartilage, hypertrophic bone growth, synovial inflammation, and degenerative changes to the ligaments and tendons?
OA
What pathology presents with the following key inflammatory markers elevated:
Cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha): may contribute to articular cartilage and bone catabolic events in the joint
Serum C-reactive protein levels are also increased?
OA
What pathology presents with Stiffness of short duration (less than 30 minutes) after period of inactivity (siting and sleeping); short period of morning stiffness that resolves after movement and activity?
OA
What pathology is treated with the following:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a first line treatment, such as ibuprofen which are nonspecific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors
Long-term use of NSAID therapy should be avoided
COX-2 inhibitors should be utilized if NSAID treatment is ineffective
Intra-articular injection of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone)
Bisphosphonates to prevent bone degeneration
Dietary supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine may help
OA
What is a degenerative disease of the vertebral column commonly affecting the lower lumbar segments
Degenerative intervertebral disk disease
What pathology has Lumbar disk degeneration begins early in life with macroscopic changes occurring from age 30 onwards?
DDD
What is the anterior slippage of one vertebra over another to disk degeneration and degenerative changes of the posterior facet joint?
Degenerative spondylolisthesis
What is a common disorder usually caused bydegenerativedisease (osteoarthritis) rather than trauma. ?
Cervical disc herniation
What is major sub-classification of rheumatoid diseases; rheumatoid diseases can affect any and all body systems and have the following characteristics:
Onset of joint pain and loss of function accompanied with fever, rash, neuritis, and other inflammatory conditions
Not typically associated with joint or muscle conditions caused by overuse or trauma
Often marked by periods of exacerbation and remission
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that manifests with a wide range of:
Articular findings: chronic polyarthritis, which perpetuates a gradual destruction of joint tissues, can result in severe deformity and disability
Extraarticular findings: cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems?
RA
What percent of RA patients are rheumatoid factor positive?
80%
What is a fibrous adhesion or bony fusion of a joint?
Ankylosis
What is a destructive vascular granulation tissue called?
Pannus
Ulnar deviation, swan-neck deformity, and boutonnière deformity are common finger deformities of what pathology?
RA
NSAIDs and corticosteroids, DMARDs (disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) which are effective immunosuppressants, Methotrexate is the standard medication, and Immunosuppressants are common medications for what pathology?
RA
Sometimes referred to as Marie-Strümpell disease, what is is an inflammatory arthropathy of the axial skeleton, including the sacroiliac joints, apophyseal joints, costovertebral joints, and intervertebral disk articulations?
Ankylosis Spondylosis
Genetic inheritance of the HLA-B27 allele increases the likelihood of what pathology?
Ankylosing spondylosis
What is a fused, rigid, vertebrate characteristics of the end-stage of the disease called and what pathology is it associated with?
Bamboo spine; ankylosing spondylosis
What is heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated levels of serum uric acid (hyperuricemia) and urate crystals deposited within the:
Joints
Soft tissues
Kidneys (renal stones or nephrolithiasis) called?
Gout
What is an inherited genetic disorder of uric acid metabolism called?
Primary hyperuricemia
What is the result of another metabolic problem, such as chronic renal disease or reduced uric acid excretion called?
Secondary hyperuricemia
What is an unknown etiology of hyperuricemia and gout called?
Idiopathic hyperuricemia
Increased serum urate concentration, heavy alcohol consumption and a purine-rich diet can increase the prevalence of what pathology?
Gout
Renal injury, insufficiency, excessive accumulation of uric acid, high uric acid level in the tissues and urate crystals are all involved in the Pathophysiology of what pathology?
Gout
What is the most common site of pain with gout?
MTP joint
Acute monoarticular arthritis
Hyperuricemia
Prompt response to pharmaceutical therapy are involved in the triad of findings in the diagnosis of what pathology?
Gout
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol) and colchicine are common pharmacological treatments for what pathology?
Gout
