Musculoskeletal Bones Flashcards
What is a dysostoses?
Localized congenital/genetic bone disorder
What is a dysplasia?
Diffuse/Systemic genetic/congenital bone disorder
What is the hallmark of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
Too little bone
Osteoporosis with skeletal fragility
What is the most common cause of dwarfism?
Achondroplasia
Which disease has the “erhlenmeyer flask” deformity of long bones? And bones fracture like chalk due to extreme brittleness
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
Which form of Osteoporosis is acquired due to Post-menopause age, Senility, Idipathic?
Primary Osteoporosis
What form of osteoporosis is acquired due to endocrine, neoplasia, GI, drugs?
Secondary
What is the hallmark of osteoporosis?
Loss of bone, most obviously in parts of the skeleton with lots of trabecular bone
What are clinical presentations of osteoporosis?
Fractures
Pulmonary Edema/Pneumonia
Kyphoscoliosis (hunch back)
What is osteoporosis an imbalance of
bone formation and resorption
What virus is thought to contribute to the pathology of paget’s disease?
Paramyxovirus
What is the histological hallmark of Paget’s
Mosiac, jigsaw pattern of lamellar bone with prominent cement lines
The lack of what vitamin is associated with Rickett’s?
Vitamin D
What is the difference between patients suffering from Rickett’s vs. Osteomalacia?
Kids have Rickett’s
Adults have Osteomalacia
What hormone regulates calcium levels?
PTH
What is the bone related hallmark of Hyperthyroidism?
Osteoclast activation and increasing bone resorption (to increase blood Ca levels)
What are two complications of hyperthyroidism (related to bone)
Brown tumor
von Reckinghausen disease of bone
What are the steps a healing bone fracture goes thru
Organizing hematoma Granulation tissue Osteoid formation Cartilage formation New Bone Formation Remodeling into lamellar bone
What does osteonecrosis look like from a histological perspective?
Dead bone with empty lacunae
fat necrosis
“creeping substitution”
What is inflamed when suffering from osteomyelitis?
bone and marrow cavity
What is almost always the etiology of osteomyelitis?
Infection
What classes of bacterium typically infect bone in terms of osteomyelitis?
Staph in adults E.coli & Group B Strep in neonates Salmonella in Sickle Cell Patients Pseudomonas in IV users TB
What disease is known as Pott’s when it affects the spine?
Osteomyelitis
What are the 4 bone forming tumors?
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Ostoblastoma
OSTEOSARCOMA
What are the 3 cartilage forming tumors?
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Chondrosarcoma
What are the two miscellaneous bone tumors?
Giant Cell Tumor
Ewing sarcoma and PNET
Which malignant tumor is a threat to young patients?
Ewing Sarcoma
How are tumors of connective tissues defined (terminology)
By pattern of differentiation/cell of origin in prefix of name
what does the prefix leiomy- indicate?
smooth muscle
What does the prefix fibro- indicate?
fibroblasts, myofibroblasts
what does the prefix rhabdomyo- indicate?
rough skeletal
what does the prefix myxoid indicate?
morphologic pattern of stroma
What is the difference between -oma and -sarcoma?
sarcoma is malignant
What disease consists of multiple benign osteomas?
gardner syndrome
What benign tumor is painful at night and relieved by NSAIDs?
Osteoid osteoma
What age of patients are usually affected by osteoid osteomas?
teens and twenties
What benign tumor’s pain is not relieved by NSAIDs?
Osteoblastoma
What are the age groups most impacted by osteosarcomas?
Younger than 20 and the elderely
What are radiographic clues that indicate osteosarcoma?
Destructive lesion
Sunburst pattern
Codman triangle
Where is the most likely place to get an osteosarcoma?
Knee joint
What do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into?
Osteoblasts
Where can you find woven bone?
Fetal skeleton
At growth plates
Adults-pathologic
What two types of bone are considered spongy bone?
Trabecular & Cancellous
