Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Musculoskeletal Arthritis > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

osteoarthritis

A

older patients

progressive erosion/degen or articular cartilage

morning stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder

Autoimmune HLA DRB1

Juxta-articular osteopenia/narrowing joint space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the RA critieria (7 Items)

A

Morning stiff

Arthritis in 3+ joints

Arthritis of hand joints

Symmetric arthritis

Rheumatoid nodules

Positive Serum RF+

Radiographic Changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the synovium look like in RA

A

Thickened, hyperplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Histology of RA

A

dense perivascular inflammatory cells

lymphoid aggregates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is gout

A

tissue accumulation of uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are tophi

A

large aggregations of urate crystals with inflammatory reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pseudogout

A

Sporadic and idiopathic aggregation of calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organisms can cause infectious arthritis

A

Suppurative bacteria

TB

Lyme Disease

Parvovirus B19, Rubella, HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical Presentation of Infective Arthritis

A

Sudden onset of pain Usually happens at a single joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two classes of muscle diseases?

A

Denervation (Neurogenic Change)

Myopathy (Primary muscle disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

The lower motor nerve and the muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What determines the muscle fiber type?

A

The motor unit neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type is slow twitch, weight bearing movement?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type is fast twitch, puposeful movement?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a motor neuron disease?

A

Any disease affecting motor neurons Upper Lower Combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a primary motor neuron disease?

A

Idipathic or inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary motor neuron disease?

A

Infectious Toxic Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multisystem motor neuron disease?

A

Motor neuron disease + other disease process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does ALS stand for?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the average age of ALS onset? Are men or women affected more?

A

60 years Men 1.5:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of ALS

A

Early: Asymmetric hand weakness

Late: Progressive muscle weakness spreading to respiratory muscles

23
Q

What happens microscopically to ALS patients

A

Anterior spinal nerve roots shrink and atrophy

Brain is normal but if it is affected it would be pre-frontal gyrus

24
Q

Why is it called Lateral Sclerosis?

A

Because there is degeneration of the myelinated fibers in the corticospinal tracts (lateral to the grey matter)

25
Q

What are some clues to look for when performing a muscle tissue biopsy?

A

Fiber size variation

Degeneration/myonecrosis +/- regeneration Hypertrophic Fibers Vacuoles or intracytoplasmic deposits

Late: Fibrosis and fatty infiltration

26
Q

What are some general myopathic findings

A

Degeneration Regeneration Fibrosis

27
Q

What is the issue with Duchenne Muscular Dytrophy?

A

Dystrophin is completely absent

28
Q

What is the cause of Becker MD?

A

Dystrophin is reduced

29
Q

Clinical signs of MD

A

Proximal weakness

Calf pseudohypertrophy

CK elevated early, and then drops as muscle is destroyed

Death from respiratory and cardiac failure

30
Q

Why are boys affected by MD and not girls?

A

The gene affected is X linked

31
Q

When looking at histology for dystrophinopathies what does the normal control look like?

A

Honey comb with a solid border

32
Q

What does the DMD look like?

A

Faded honeycomb missing the dark border

33
Q

What does BeckerMD look like?

A

Openings with cell nuclei will be present

34
Q

What are the typical indicators for inflammatory myopathy?

A

Proximal weakness Pain Elevated CK

35
Q

What work up is critical to the diagnosis?

A

Rheumatological

36
Q
A

Polymyositis

37
Q
A

Dermatomyositis

38
Q
A

McArdles Disease

39
Q

What myopathy is induced by steroids

A

Type II Fiber Atrophy

40
Q

What myopathy is induced by Statin Drugs

A

Sinble myocyte necrosis with no inflammation

41
Q

What myopathy is induced by Colchicine

A

Toxic Vacuolar Myopathy

42
Q

What myopathy is induced by alcohol

A

Rhabdomyolysis

43
Q

What is Critical Illness Myopathy?

A

ICU/Steroids/vent with neuromuscular block

44
Q

What Causes This?

A

Carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency

45
Q

Which parent would you inherit a mitochondrial myopathy from?

A

Mom

46
Q

What special sense organ could be affected by mitochondrial myopathies?

A

Eye

47
Q

This “hot” myopathy is caused by Ion channels and a RYR1 gene mutation

A

Malignant hyperthermia

48
Q

What can trigger malignant hyperthermia?

A

Anaesthesia….and it happen to totally healthy people who have never had surgery before

49
Q

What are the clinical signs of Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Muscle weakness

Women younger than 40

Weakness is worsened by exercise but helped by rest

Drooping eyelids

Double vision

Labored breathing

50
Q

What causes myasthenia gravis?

A

Immune mediated loss of Ach receptors post-synaptically

51
Q

What disease is caused by antibody response to presynaptic voltage gated Ca receptors?

A

Lambert Eaton Syndrome

52
Q

How can you DDx lamber eaton from Mya Gravis?

A

In Eaton syndrome Ach agents will not improve symptoms because the signal is being stopped before it ever gets to the NMJ

53
Q
A

Pathology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions