Esophagus Flashcards
What is a Hiatal Hernia
Protrusion of the stomach into the thorax due to separation of the diaphragm (crura)
What is odynophagia
painful swallowing
What are the clinical presentations of esophageal disease
Upper GI Bleeding
Painful swallowing
Dysphagia
Three classes of Esophagus Inflammatory Disease
Corrosive
Infectious
GERD
What are 4 common chemical causes of corrosive esophagitis
Acids
Alkalies
Phenol
Alcohol
What are 2 common complications from corrosive esophagitis?
Strictures
Squamos Cell Carcinoma
What type of tissue lines the esophagus
stratified squamos epithelium
what are strictures of the esophagus
narrowing
What are the two primary viruses that infect the esophagus?
Herpes
CMV
What is the most common fungal microbe to infect the esophagus
Candida
Histologically, how is a Herpes lesion differenctiated from a CMV lesion?
HSV produces ulcerated lesions but no granulation tissue
What are some predisposing conditions for reflux esophagitis?
Persistant Vomiting Chronic ulcers Hiatal Hernia Supine Positions Increased intra abdominal pressure Decreased tone of LES
What are 3 histological signs of esophageal inflammation
Expansion of the basal zone
Vascular Dilation
Intra-epithelial inflammatory cells
What three inflammatory cells are typically found in the esophagus during inflammation?
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
What are the complications associated with reflux esophagitis? (GAPS)
Glandular metaplasias
Adenocarcinomas
Peptic Ulcers
Strictures
