CNS 2

Question 1

MS Clinical Symptoms

Answer 1

Relapsing and Remitting Oligiclonal bands and plasma cells in CSF

Question 2

How prevalent is MS

Answer 2

1 in 1000

Question 3

Who is affected?

Answer 3

W>M 2:1

Uncommon in kids and adults over 50

Question 4

What gene is MS linked to

Answer 4

HLA-DR Haplotype

Question 5

Answer 5

Deep and surface lesions that are glassy and depressed (grey-tan)

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

What is dementia

Answer 8

Progressive loss of cognitive function idependent of the state of attention

Question 9

Is dementia age related

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What is the most common cause of dementia in elderly?

Answer 10

Alzheimer’s

Question 11

What type of Alzheimer’s present earlier

Answer 11

Familial

Question 12

What Trisomy is Alzheimer’s linked to

Answer 12

21 Downs

Question 13

What percent of down syndrome patients have AD by age 45

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

What gene is linked to AD?

Answer 14

Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) on chromosome 21.

Downs patients have a third copy, hence the high AD rate

Question 15

What allele indicates and increased risk of AD

Answer 15

APOE

Question 16

What is Lewy Body Dementia

Answer 16

In the morning they are fine, by the evening they are demented visual hallucinations (non-threatening)

Spontaneous motor features of parkinson’s

Question 17

Answer 17

Lewy body

(Lewy-Body and Parkinsons)

Question 18

Which disease has lewy bodies in the cortex?

Answer 18

Lewy-Body only

Question 19

What can you treat PD patients with early on

Answer 19

L-Dopa

Question 20

Huntingdons Disease

Answer 20

Autosomal dominant

Question 21

Age of HD onset

Answer 21

40 Death by 60

Question 22

What is the HD gene

Answer 22

Chromosome 4 CAG repeat expansion

You need 37+ repeats to see symptoms

Question 23

What is anticipation in genetics

Answer 23

If you have 35 repeats you won’t have HD but your kids will have more repeats and get the disease.

Not all disorders have this progression

Question 24

Where do HD patients lose neurons

Answer 24

caudate nucleus

Question 25

Astrocytomas

Answer 25

Graded by WHO scheme Grade 2+ is diffuse Grade 1 doesn’t progress

Question 26

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Answer 26

WHO 1 Kids get it in posterior region

Question 27

Answer 27

Grade 1 Astrocytoma

Question 28

Answer 28

Grade 2 Astrocytoma

Question 29

Answer 29

Grade 4 Astrocytoma = Glioblastoma

Necrosis

Mitiosis

Blood vessel prolieration

Ringed butterfly on CT

Question 30

Oligo dendrogliomas

Answer 30

Grade 2 always progresses to 3

Question 31

Answer 31

posterior fossa or spinal cord (in ventrical)

Question 32

Medullablastoma

Answer 32

70% under age of 16 Middle cerebellum sheets of cells with little cytoplasm (very blue)

Answer 33

medulloblastoma

Question 34

meningioma

Answer 34

best tumor to get

dura based

slow growing tumor “just” pushes brain out of way and doesn’t usually cause cognitive deficits

Question 35

Answer 35

Meningioma

Histo ddx = Somoma bodies

Question 36

craniopharyngioma

Answer 36

birth to 20 machine oil

Question 37

Answer 37

Craniophyrngiomas

Under 20

Calcified and Cystic Lesions

Cholesterol Crystals

Machine Oil

Question 38

metastatic tumors

Answer 38

more common in adults

will look like tissue of origin

breast/lung/colon most likely

hemorrhagic metastasis = RCC

Question 39

Peripheral Nerve Tumor

Answer 39

Schwannoma Neurofibroma

Question 40

Schwannoma

Answer 40

Tumor sits on top of nerve and can sometimes be removed

Question 41

Neurofibroma

Answer 41

Tumor in nerve itself so nerve will always be lost in surgery

Question 42

Answer 42

Look for “stringy carrots”

Question 43

GBM

Answer 43

Glioblastoma Multiformis (Grade 4)