Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Musculoskeletal system requires
Intact nervous system
Intact muscle strength
Intact bone stability
Intact joint flexibility
Atrophy
Reduction in muscle size
Contracture
Shortening of muscles or tendons
Osteoporosis
Metabolic bone disease with decrease in quality and quantity of bone
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone from defective bone mineralization
Ankylosis
Stiffness of joints
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
At-risk patients
Immobile Infant and child Elderly Fatigue Malnutrition Lack of motivation Pain Respiratory, neuro, muscular, or CVS disease
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Long term medications affecting musculoskeletal
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Phenytoin
Antacids
Nulliparous status
Never been pregnant
Races at risk for osteoporosis
Caucasian
Asian
Nutritional risks
Dieting
Calcium intake under 500mg per day
Thin/light body frame
Osteoporosis risks
Levels of estrogen, testosterone, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal
Low calcium, eating disorders, weight loss surgery
Long term steroid use
Alcohol, tobacco, sedentary
Poker spine
loss of normal curves
Kyphosis
Abnormal thoracic curve
Lordosis
Abnormal lumbar curve
Fasciculation
Twitching
Condyloid
Wrist joint type
Normal calcium levels
4.5-5.5 mEq/L
8-10 mg/dL
Avoid valsalva effect by
Breathing out while moving
Interventions for orthostatic hypotension
Ankle exercises
TED
Dangle legs prior to standing
Documentation of activity
Length of time
Distance
Frequency
Joint interventions
ACE Joint supports Traction and cast Avoid tourniquet effect Assess PMSS Elevate Apply ice Support above and below joint
