Genitourinary Flashcards
500 mL of fluid weight
1 pound
Amount of plasma received by kidneys every day
180 liters
Urine produced per day
1200-1500 mL
Minimum UOP per hour
30 mL
Renin/angiotensin mechanism
Regulates BP to maintain blood flow to kidneys during hypovolemic states
Erythropoietin
Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow
Kidney functions
Filtration
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Maintenance of RBC volume
Frequency of peristaltic waves moving urine to bladder
10-15 seconds
Bladder storage
600-1000 mL
Micturition reflex
Stimulated by 150-200 mL of urine
Female urethra length
4-6.5 cm
Male urethra length
20 cm
Polyuria
Elevated UOP
Oliguria
Low UOP
Anuria
No urine production (need foley to diagnose)
Prerenal/suprarenal
Kidney function affected by inadequate blood flow or other alteration outside GU system
Renal function
Direct dysfunction of kidney
Postrenal function
Outflow of urine obstructed (clots, stones, tumors, trauma)
Factors affecting urination
Muscle tone
Surgery
Neurological issues
Psychosocial issues
At-risk clients
Women
Older adults
Infants
Trauma patients
Causes of urinary incontinence
Urge
Stress
Overflow
Reflex
Urinary hesitancy and retention at-risk clients
Narcotic use
Post Foley catheter
Enlarged prostate
Childbirth
Incontinence interventions
Pelvic muscle strengthening Voiding schedule Clear path to toilet Space fluids every 2 hours Decrease fluids before bedtime Promote complete emptying
UTI prevention interventions
Perineal care Fluid intake 2-3 liters per day Complete bladder emptying Blood glucose control Maintain mobility
Perineal care frequency
After each void if incontinent
Every shift if continent or catheter present
CAUTI prevention
Insert ONLY for appropriate indications
Leave in place only as long as needed
Ensure only trained persons insert & maintain
Insert using aseptic technique & sterile equipment (acute care setting)
Maintain closed drainage system
Maintain unobstructed urine flow
Practice hand hygiene & standard precautions (or appropriate isolation) according to CDC HICPAC guidelines
Nephrostomy tube
Catheter all the way to kidneys
Urostomy (ill conduit)
Surgical creation of a stoma
Internal reservoir
Surgically created pouch with valve and stomal opening for catheterization intermittently or pouch replaces bladder
