Musculoskeletal

Question 1

dark band with myosin- does NOT change length

Answer 1

A- band

Question 2

light band without myosin- gets shorter

Answer 2

I band

Question 3

in the middle of the I band- will get closer together

Answer 3

Z- disc

Question 4

what needs to move to allow myosin to bind to actin?

Answer 4

Tropomyosin- which is bound to troponin

Ca++ binds to troponin C and moves tropomyosin out of the way to expose actin

Question 5

when does ATP get broken down into ADP

Answer 5

durring repositioning

Question 6

ATP is used to

Answer 6

Release

Question 7

Slow twitch, type 1 muscle fibers have a lot of

Answer 7

MITOCHONDRIA-

Question 8

Type two muscle fibers are

Answer 8

Glycolyitic they can reposition faster i.e. fast twitch

Question 9

muscles seem malnurished

Answer 9

dystrophy

Question 10

dystrophic cells are missing

Answer 10

dystrophin - and intercellular protein that attaches sarcomere to the sarcolemma

Question 11

antibodies in mysathenic syndrome

Answer 11

against pre synaptic calcium channels- Ach never released

Question 12

will ACh esterase inhibitor work with myasthenia syndrome?

Answer 12

No- ACh is never released

Question 13

blocks post synapttic ACh receptor

Answer 13

Curare

Question 14

Prevents ACh from fusing- ACh never released

Answer 14

Clostridium Botulinim Toxin - Botox

Question 15

Excessive ACh release cause lockjaw

Answer 15

Clostridium Tetani Toxin

Question 16

lay down bone

Answer 16

osteoblast

Question 17

mature osteoblsts

Answer 17

osteocytes

Question 18

macrophage syncytium that breaks down bone

Answer 18

osteoclasts

Question 19

compact bone gets thinner

spongy bone gets spongier

Answer 19

osteoperosis

Question 20

this causes osteoperosis r/t too much PTH

Answer 20

Hyperparathyroidism - PTH binds to calcium in blood so OSTEOCLASTS break down more bone (Lamellar bone)

Question 21

what kind of fracture do we see with osteoporosis

Answer 21

crush fracture

Question 22

could cause spinal stenosis if it hits a nerve root

Answer 22

Crush fracture

Question 23

used to slow bone breakdown

Answer 23

bisphosphonates

Question 24

excessive bone turnover

disorganized bone

treatment with bisphosphonates

Answer 24

Pagets Disease

Question 25

new bone around infection

Answer 25

involucrum with osteomyelytis

Question 26

infection inside pereosteum

blood supply blocked

subperaosteal access

sequestrum - dead bone

puss escapes

involucrum

Answer 26

osteomylytis

Question 27

traumatic injury

dislocations

sprains

obesity

osteoarthritis

Answer 27

Non- inflammatory joint diseases

Question 28

rheumatoid artritis

gouty arthritis

Lyme disease

Answer 28

Inflammatory joint disease

Question 29

gets worse as day goes on

Answer 29

osteoarthritis and myasthenia gravis

Question 30

erosion of bone with RA causes

Answer 30

Ulnar deviation

Question 31

increased Urate

Answer 31

Gout

Question 32

increase in purine synthesis or diet

Answer 32

Uric acid crystals

Question 33

anemia and leukemia and gout

Answer 33

breaking down RBC’s - use more DNA to get rid of purines that are broken down into uric acid

Question 34

_____________ try to eat uric acid and it ruptures and promotes inflammatory response

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

oligohydraminos, most common birth defect

Answer 35

Talipes Equinovarus -

Question 36

Defect in Collagen I, blue eyes

Answer 36

Osteogenesis imprefecta

Question 37

come in with lots of broken bone in different stages of healing- rods that extend

Answer 37

osteogenesis imprefecta

Question 38

Vitamin D deffiency

Answer 38

Rickets

Question 39

bones don’t get proper mineralization and end up bending

Answer 39

rickets

Question 40

lack of vitamin D in adults

Answer 40

osteomalacia