Musculoskeletal Flashcards
dark band with myosin- does NOT change length
A- band
light band without myosin- gets shorter
I band
in the middle of the I band- will get closer together
Z- disc
what needs to move to allow myosin to bind to actin?
Tropomyosin- which is bound to troponin
Ca++ binds to troponin C and moves tropomyosin out of the way to expose actin
when does ATP get broken down into ADP
durring repositioning
ATP is used to
Release
Slow twitch, type 1 muscle fibers have a lot of
MITOCHONDRIA-
Type two muscle fibers are
Glycolyitic they can reposition faster i.e. fast twitch
muscles seem malnurished
dystrophy
dystrophic cells are missing
dystrophin - and intercellular protein that attaches sarcomere to the sarcolemma
antibodies in mysathenic syndrome
against pre synaptic calcium channels- Ach never released
will ACh esterase inhibitor work with myasthenia syndrome?
No- ACh is never released
blocks post synapttic ACh receptor
Curare
Prevents ACh from fusing- ACh never released
Clostridium Botulinim Toxin - Botox
Excessive ACh release cause lockjaw
Clostridium Tetani Toxin
lay down bone
osteoblast
mature osteoblsts
osteocytes
macrophage syncytium that breaks down bone
osteoclasts
compact bone gets thinner
spongy bone gets spongier
osteoperosis
this causes osteoperosis r/t too much PTH
Hyperparathyroidism - PTH binds to calcium in blood so OSTEOCLASTS break down more bone (Lamellar bone)
what kind of fracture do we see with osteoporosis
crush fracture
could cause spinal stenosis if it hits a nerve root
Crush fracture
used to slow bone breakdown
bisphosphonates
excessive bone turnover
disorganized bone
treatment with bisphosphonates
Pagets Disease
new bone around infection
involucrum with osteomyelytis
infection inside pereosteum
blood supply blocked
subperaosteal access
sequestrum - dead bone
puss escapes
involucrum
osteomylytis
traumatic injury
dislocations
sprains
obesity
osteoarthritis
Non- inflammatory joint diseases
rheumatoid artritis
gouty arthritis
Lyme disease
Inflammatory joint disease
gets worse as day goes on
osteoarthritis and myasthenia gravis
erosion of bone with RA causes
Ulnar deviation
increased Urate
Gout
increase in purine synthesis or diet
Uric acid crystals
anemia and leukemia and gout
breaking down RBC’s - use more DNA to get rid of purines that are broken down into uric acid
_____________ try to eat uric acid and it ruptures and promotes inflammatory response
macrophages
oligohydraminos, most common birth defect
Talipes Equinovarus -
Defect in Collagen I, blue eyes
Osteogenesis imprefecta
come in with lots of broken bone in different stages of healing- rods that extend
osteogenesis imprefecta
Vitamin D deffiency
Rickets
bones don’t get proper mineralization and end up bending
rickets
lack of vitamin D in adults
osteomalacia
