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Pathophysiology Spring 16 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

support cells in tissues, blood vessels, neurons, connective tissue

A

stromal cells

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2
Q

specific/specialized cells to tissues ex cardiomyocyte

A

parenchymal cells

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3
Q

cells derived from neural crest/mesenchyme

A

mesenchymal cells

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4
Q

cells that give rise to connective tissue

A

mesenchymal cells

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5
Q

oma

A

benign tumor

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6
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of EPITHELIAL origin

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7
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of GLANDULAR tissue

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8
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of MESENCHYMAL origin

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9
Q

blastoma

A

malignant tumor of PRECURSOR cells

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10
Q

leukemia

lymphoma

mealnoma

A

all malignant

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11
Q

looks like where it came from

A

well differentiated

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12
Q

doesn’t look like any cell in the body

A

Undifferentiated

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13
Q

well demarcated

A

benign, can see borders

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14
Q

poorly demarcated

A

malignant, cannon differentiate borders

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15
Q

locally invasis

A

malignant

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16
Q

poorly differentiated

A

malignant

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17
Q

initial carcinogenic induced mutation that gets everything started

daughter cells have same mutation, and they can pick up new mutations

A

Transformation

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18
Q

mutated cells continue to grow and divide and continue to make more genetically mutated cells

A

progression and proliferation

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19
Q

has abnormal activity or is expressed at abnormal levels

A

oncogene

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20
Q

people cannot be born with one ____________ but can be born with one ______________.

A

mutant oncogene, mutant tumor supressor gene

21
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

Bcl-2 - b cell lymphoma

A

ONCOGENE

b cell lymphoma

22
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

BRCA 1 and 2

A

TUMOR SUPRESSOR

  • breast cancer
23
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

HER2 / NEU

A

ONCOGENE

ovarian and breast cancer, ependymal growth factor

24
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

APC

A

TUMOR SUPRESSOR

colorectal

25
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

RB1

A

TUMOR SUPRESSOR

retinoblasotma

26
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

N- MYC

A

ONCOGENE:

neuroblastoma

27
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

C-Myc

A

ONCOGENE:

burkitt lymphoma and others

28
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

RAS

A

ONCOGENE

30 - 30% of all cancers

29
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

MSII

A

TUMOR SUPRESSOR

colorectal/ endometrial, gastric

30
Q

TUMOR SUPRESSOR or ONCOGENE:

NF1 / NF2

A

TUMOR SUPRESSOR

neuroblastoma

31
Q

How does RAS transform from a proto-oncogen to an oncogene

A

loses its ability to convert GTP to GDP - RAS is now permanently on and the cell is SELF SUFFICIENT

32
Q

Tow hit hypothesis applies to ________.

A

insensitivity of anti-growth signals

example = RB- retinoblastoma gene

33
Q

what gene is in charge of evading apoptosis

A

p53

34
Q

when the p53 gene is mutated the cell cycle is never _______, so mutated cells continue to proliferate

A

stopped

35
Q

limitless replicative potential

A

telomerase

36
Q

sustained angiogenesis

A

VEGF

37
Q

Cancer cells must exhibit __________. they have to chew through the ____________.

Cancer cells use _____________ to get through the collagen of the membrane and secretes ____________ and attaches itself to ______________ to pull through the basement membrane.

A

contact inhibition

basement membrane

type IV collagenase

proteolytic enzymes

fibinolectin

38
Q

E6 binds up

A

RB

39
Q

E7 binds up

A

p53

40
Q

disable proteins, but DO NOT effect the gene

A

E6 and E7

41
Q

strains NOT covered by HPV vaccine that cause cervical cancer

A

35 and 31

42
Q

strains covered by HPV vaccine that cause cervical cancer

A

16 and 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers

43
Q

strainscovered by HPV vaccine that cause genital warts

A

6 and 11

44
Q

chemotherapy targets

A

rapidly dividing cells

45
Q

because all hematopoietic stem cells are effected by chemotherapy, we will see_________.

A

Anemia and Neutropenia

46
Q

when does chemo brain stop?

A

when chemo stops - chemo actually doesn’t have the ability to reach the CNS

47
Q

______________ helps prevent resistant cells

A

Combination therapy

48
Q

starvation due to nutrients going to cancer

A

cachexia

Pathophysiology Spring 16 (9 decks)

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