musculoskeletal Flashcards
what are the elements of the musculoskeletal system?
muscle bone joints cartilage tendons ligaments bursae
what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?
shape movement protection storing calcium and phosphorus production of red blood cells
what is cartilage?
dense and connective tissue -hyaline -fibrous -elastic has no blood supply and as a result is difficult to heal or repair
what do tendons to?
they connect bone to muscle
what do ligaments do?
attach bone to bone
what are bursae?
fluid-filled sac pad areas (like elbow)
what is skeletal muscle
composed of large, long cells called muscle fibers
each fiber is made of smaller fibers
capable of many movements
what are the major muscles?
sternocleidomastoid trapezius deltoid pectoralis major triceps brachii biceps brachii rectus abdominus latissimus dorsi gluteus maximus quadriceps femoris biceps femoris gastrocnemius
how is bone classified?
long shorts flat irregular sesamoid
what are nonsynovial joints?
immovable joints
surfaces of bones are bound closely (places like the skull sutures and the teeth joints called gomphoses)
cartilage connects the bones together
what are synovial joints?
movable joints synovial cavity fluid cartilage capsular ligament
what are the types of synovial joints?
planar like the wrist hinge like the knee pivot like the c1 and c2 condyloid wrist saddle like the thumb ball-and-socket like the shoulder
what are you inspecting for when examining?
colour size contour edema deformity comparing bilaterally
what are you palpating for?
tenderness
always comparing both sides
when doing a musculoskeletal exam the order is?
proximal to distal
