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Pe > musculo skeletal > Flashcards

musculo skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid function and position

A

Helps with the breathing process attached to the sternum near the neck

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2
Q

Rotator cuff function and position

A

Stabilizing muscles in the shoulder to prevent dislocation and allows the shoulder to rotate around the humerus on its own axis and by the shoulder

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3
Q

Intercostals and their position

A

Assist with the breathing function at the chest

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4
Q

Tibias anterior and their position

A

Helps with dorsi-flexion at the ankle just beneath the knee

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5
Q

Deltoid position

A

at the shoulder

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6
Q

Where are your triceps

A

Back of the humerus

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7
Q

Bicep position

A

Top of the humerus

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8
Q

Pectoral position

A

Chest

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9
Q

What do the abdominals do

A

Flex the trunk across the stomach

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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi function

A

Shoulder abduction and horizontal extension

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11
Q

Quadricep function

A

Extension at the knee

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12
Q

Gastrocnemius function

A

Plantar-flexion at the ankle

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13
Q

Hamstring function

A

Flexion at the knee

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14
Q

What is an isotonic contraction

A

These occur when a muscle attracts and changes length

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15
Q

What is an isotonic eccentric contraction

A

When the muscle lengthens under tension

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16
Q

How do muscles transfer force to bones

A

Via tendons

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17
Q

What is an isometric contraction

A

this involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same length

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18
Q

The muscle lengthening in an antagonistic muscle pair is called what

A

the antagonist

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19
Q

The muscle contracting in an antagonistic muscle pair is called

A

the agonist

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20
Q

Finish the antagonistic muscle pairs: biceps and ? Hamstrings and ? Gluteal and ? Gastrocnemius and ? Pectorialis major and ?

A

Triceps, quadriceps, hip flexors, tibias anterior and latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the skeletal system ?

A

Movement, support, protection, production of blood cells, mineral storage and structural shape

22
Q

What is meant by movement as a function of the skeletal system

A

Bones that act like lever and form joints that allow muscles to pull them and produce joint movements

23
Q

What is meant by support as a function of the skeletal system

A

The skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment

24
Q

hat is meant by mineral storage as a function of the skeletal system

A

the bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other functions.

25
Q

What is meant by protection as a function of the skeletal system

A

he bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact. For example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs offer protection to the heart and lungs, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord and the pelvis offers protection to the sensitive reproductive organs.

26
Q

What is meant by blood cell production as a function of the skeletal system

A

Certain bones in the skeleton contain red bone marrow and the bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Examples of bones that contain marrow are the pelvis, sternum, vertebrae and clavicle.

27
Q

What is meant by structural shape as a function of the skeletal system

A

he skeleton provides the human shape and determines the height of a person.

28
Q

What do connective tissues consist of

A

ligaments, cartilage and tendons

29
Q

What is a joint held together by

A

ligaments

30
Q

What is found at the ends of bones where joints meet

A

Cartilage

31
Q

What attaches muscles to the skeleton

A

tendons

32
Q

What does cartilage do

A

cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends

33
Q

What does the bursae sac do

A

fluid sacs which help to prevent friction in the joint.

34
Q

What does the joint capsule do

A

prevents wear and tear on the bones.

35
Q

Give some properties of ligaments

A

a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous and slightly elastic
connect bone to bone and help keep the joint together
stabilise the joints during movement and prevent dislocation by restricting actions outside the normal joint range
can absorb shock because of their elasticity, which protects the joint
help maintain correct posture and movement

36
Q

Flexion

A

bending a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. For example, the elbow flexes when performing a bicep curl

37
Q

Extension

A

straightening a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint increases, for example, at the elbow when putting a shot.

38
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joints during a jumping jack movement.

39
Q

Adduction

A

movement towards the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement.

40
Q

Rotation

A

this is where the limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline of the body. This occurs in the hip in golf while performing a drive shot.

41
Q

Plantar-flexion

A

pointing the toes – this movement only occurs at the ankle, for example, pointing the toes in ballet.

42
Q

Dorsi-flexion

A

the foot moves towards the shin as if you are pulling your toes up. This movement only occurs at the ankle.

43
Q

What joints are hinge joints at

A

elbow and knee

44
Q

What joints are ball and socket joints

A

Shoulder and hip

45
Q

What types of movements happen at ball and socket joints

A

Flexion/extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction

46
Q

What types of movements happen at hinge joints

A

Flexion/extension dorsi and plantar flexion

47
Q

Give properties of hinge joints

A

these can be found in the elbow, knee and ankle. Hinge joints are like the hinges on a door, and allow you to move the elbow and knee in only one direction. They allow flexion and extension of a joint. At the ankle different terms are used. When the toes are pointed downwards, it is plantar flexion and when the toes are pointed upwards it is dorsiflexion.

48
Q

Give properties of ball and socket joints

A

these types of joint can be found at the shoulder and hip and allow movement in almost every direction. A ball and socket joint is made up of a round end of one bone that fits into a small cup-like area of another bone.

49
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Attach bones to bone, to give stability to joints and are tough white and flexible

50
Q

Eccentric

A

Tension of a muscle as it is lengthened

51
Q

Concentric

A

Tension of a muscle as it is being shortened

52
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Attach muscle to bone, carry the force from muscle contraction to the bone and or tough greyish and flexible

Pe (8 decks)

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