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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

0
Q

Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle.

Example: biceps brachii

A

Parallel muscles

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1
Q

Four patterns of fascicle organization

A
  1. Parallel
  2. Convergent
  3. Pennate
  4. Circular
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2
Q

Broad area converges on attachment site.
Muscle fibers pull in different directions depending on simulation.
Example: pectoralis muscles

A

Convergent muscles

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3
Q

Form an angle with the tendon.
Don’t move as far as parallel muscles.
Contain more myofibrils than parallel.
Develop more tension than parallel.

A

Pennate

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4
Q

Fibers on one side of tendon

A

Unipennate

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5
Q

Fibers on both sides

A

Bipennate

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6
Q

Tendon branches

A

Multipennate

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7
Q

Also called sphincters.
Open and close to guard entrances of body.
Example: orbicularis oris

A

Circular muscles

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8
Q

Muscles provide applied force (input)

Required to overcome load (output)

A

Levers

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9
Q

Seesaw and teeter-totter.

Input and output are opposite sides of the fulcrum.

A

First class lever

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10
Q

Wheelbarrow is an example.

Output and input are on the same side

A

Second class lever

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11
Q

Most common lever.

Center applied force between load and fulcrum

A

Third class lever

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12
Q

This is stationary

A

Origin

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13
Q

This is what moves

A

Insertion

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14
Q

Movements produced by muscle contraction.

Action is what the muscle is doing.

A

Actions

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15
Q

(Prime mover)

Produces a particular movement.

A

Agonist

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16
Q

Opposes movement of a particular agonist

A

Antagonist

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17
Q

A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist.

Helps start motion.

A

Synergist

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18
Q

Agonists and antagonists work in pairs.
When one contracts, the other stretches.
Such as flexors, extensors, and abductors.

A

Muscle opposition

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19
Q

Externus (superficial)

Visible at body surface

A

Position

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20
Q

Deep muscles

A

Internus

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21
Q

Muscles outside an organ

A

Extrinsic

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22
Q

Muscles inside an organ

A

Intrinsic

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23
Q

Magnus

A

Large

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24
Q

Major

A

Larger

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25
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

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26
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

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27
Q

Minor

A

Smaller

28
Q

Vastus

A

Great

29
Q

Abductor

A

Movement away

30
Q

Adductor

A

Movement toward

31
Q

Depressor

A

Lowering movement

32
Q

Levatator

A

Raising movement

33
Q

Extensor

A

Straightening movement

34
Q

Flexor

A

Bending movement

35
Q

Pronator

A

Turning into prone

36
Q

Supinator

A

Turning into supine

37
Q

Tensor

A

Tensing movement

38
Q

Position head and spinal column.

move rib cage.

A

Axial muscles

39
Q

Supports pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Support limbs.

A

Appendicular muscles

40
Q

Helps lift the mandible

A

Temporalis

41
Q

Position mandible for chewing

A

Pterygoid

42
Q

From chin to hyoid.

Hyoid to mastoid

A

Digastric

43
Q

Floor of the mouth

A

Mylohoid

44
Q

Between hyoid and chin

A

Geniohyoid

45
Q

From clavicle and sternum to mastoid

A

Sternocleidomastoid

46
Q

Attaches scapula, clavicle, first rib, hyoid.

A

Omohyoid

47
Q

Compress underlying structures.

Rotate vertebral column.

A

Oblique muscles

48
Q

Flex vertebral column.

Oppose erector spinae.

A

Rectus muscles

49
Q

Between xiphoid process and pubic symphasis.
Divided longitudinally by linea alba.
Divided transversely by tendinous inscriptions.

A

Rectus abdomonis

50
Q

Divides thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Performs respiration.

A

Diaphragmatic muscle

51
Q
  1. Support organs of pelvic cavity
  2. Flex sacrum and coccyx
  3. Control movement of materials through urethra and anus
A

Muscles of the pelvic floor

52
Q

Muscular sheet forming the pelvic floor, divided into anterior urogenital triangle, and posterior anal triangle

A

Perineum

53
Q

Deep muscular layer between pubic bones.
Supports the pelvic floor.
And muscles of the urethra.

A

Urogenital diaphragm

54
Q

Position and stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdles.
Move upper and lower limbs.
Two divisions of appendicular:
Muscles of the shoulders and upper limbs.
Muscles of the pelvic and lower limbs.

A

Appendicular muscles

55
Q
  1. Chest
  2. Arm
  3. Hand
  4. Fingers
A

Muscles of the shoulder and upper limbs

56
Q

Superficial.
Covers back and neck to base of skull.
Inserts on clavicle and scapular spines.

A

Trapezius

57
Q

Deep to trapezius.
Attach to cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Insert on scapular border

A

Rhomboid

58
Q

On the chest.
Originates along ribs.
Inserts on anterior scapular margin

A

Serratus anterior

59
Q

Attaches to scapula

A

Pectoralis minor

60
Q

The major abductor

A

Deltoid

61
Q

Assists the deltoid

A

Supraspinatus

62
Q

Produce medial rotation at shoulder

A

Subscapularis and teres major

63
Q

Produce lateral rotation at shoulder

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

64
Q

Between anterior chest and greater tubercule of humerus.

Produces flexion at shoulder joint

A

Pectoralis major

65
Q

Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus.

Produces extension at shoulder joint.

A

Latissimus dorsi

66
Q

Muscles involved in shoulder rotation

A

The rotator cuff

67
Q

Produces extension and lateral rotation at hip

A

Gluteus Maximus

68
Q

Biceps femoris
Semimebranosus
Semitendinosus

A

Hamstrings

Anatomy (6 decks)

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