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Anatomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Fills internal spaces.
Supports other tissues.
Transports materials.
Stores energy.

A

Connective tissue

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1
Q

Covers exposed surfaces.
Lines internal passageways.
Forms glands.

A

Epithelial tissue

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2
Q
  1. Provide physical protection.
  2. Control permeability.
  3. Provide sensation.
  4. Produce specialized secretions.
A

Functions of epithelial

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3
Q

Ties cells together.

Allow bending and twisting.

A

Desmosomes

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4
Q 
1. Based on shape
Squamous- thin and flat 
Cuboidal- square
Columnar- tall, slender rectangles
2. Based on layers 
Simple- one layer
Stratified- several layers
A

Classes of epithelial

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5
Q

Tolerates repeated cycles of stretching and recoiling and returns to its previous shape without damage.
Appearance changes as stretching occurs.
Situated in regions of the urinary system.

A

Transitional epithelial

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6
Q

Produce secretions onto epithelial surfaces through ducts.

A

Exocrine glands

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7
Q

Modes of secretion

  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holoceine
A

Glandular epithelial

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8
Q

Produced in Golgi apparatus
Released by vesicles
Example, sweat glands

A

Merocrine

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9
Q

Released by shedding cytoplasm
Produced in the Golgi apparatus
Example, mammary glands

A

Apocrine

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10
Q

Released by cells bursting, killing gland cells.
Gland cells replaced by stem cell.
For example, sebaceous glands.

A

Holocrine

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11
Q

Serous glands
Mucous glands
Mixed exocrine glands

A

Glandular epithelial

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12
Q
  1. Specialized cells

2. Strong extracellular protein fibers

A

Characteristics of connective tissue

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13
Q

Establishing a structural framework for the body.
Transporting fluids and dissolved materials.
Protecting delicate organs,
Supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other types of tissue.
Storing energy reserves, especially in the form of triglycerides.
Defending the body from microorganisms.

A

Functions of connective tissue

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14
Q

Loose
More ground substance. Fewer fibers. Example, fat.
Dense
More fibers. Less ground substance. Example, tendons.

A

Categories of connective tissue

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15
Q 
Fibroblasts.
Fibrocytes.
Adipocytes.
Macrophages.
Lymphocytes.
Mast cells.
A

Types of connective tissue

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16
Q

The most abundant cell type.
Found in all connective tissue proper.
Secrete proteins.

A

Fibroblasts

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17
Q

The second most abundant cell type.
Found in all connective tissue proper.
Maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper.

A

Fibrocytes

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18
Q

Fat cells.

Each cell stores a single, large fat droplet.

A

Adipocytes

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19
Q

Large, amoeba - like cells of the immune system.
Eat pathogens and damaged cells.
Fixed macrophages stay in tissue.
Free macrophages migrate.

A

Macrophages

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20
Q

Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection.

A

Mast cells

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21
Q

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system.

May develop into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

Collagen fibers,
Reticular fibers,
Elastic fibers,

A

Connective tissue fibers

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23
Q 
Most common fibers in connective tissue proper.
Long, straight, and unbranched.
Strong and flexible.
Resist force in one direction.
Example, tendons and ligaments.
A

Collagen fibers

24
Q

Network of interwoven fibers.
Strong and flexible.
Resist force in many directions.
Example, sheaths around organs.

A

Reticular fibers

25
Q

Contain elastin.
Branched and wavy.
Return to original length after stretching.
Example, elastic ligaments of vertebrae.

A

Elastic fibers

26
Q 
The packing materials of the body.
Three types 
Areolar 
Adipose
Reticular
A

Loose connective tissue

27
Q

Holds blood vessels and capillary beds.
For example, under skin.
Opens framework.

A

Areolar

28
Q

Contains many fat cells.
Two types
White fat
Brown fat

A

Adipose

29
Q

Most common
Stores fat
Absorbs shock
Slows heat loss

A

White fat

30
Q

More vascularized
Adipocytes have many mitochondria
When stimulated by nervous system, fat breakdown accelerates, releasing energy.
Absorbs energy from surrounding cells.

A

Brown fat

31
Q

Provides support.
Complex three-dimensional network.
Supportive fibers support functional cells
Reticular organs, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

A

Reticular tissue

32
Q

Connective tissue proper, tightly packed with high numbers of collagen or elastic fibers.
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic tissue

A

Dense connective tissue

33
Q

Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers.
Tendons attach Muscles to bones.
Ligaments connect bone to bone and stabilize organs.
Aponeuroses attach in sheets to large, flat muscles.

A

Dense regular

34
Q 
Interwoven networks of collagen fibers.
Layered in skin.
Around cartilages.
Around bones.
Form capsules around some organs.
A

Dense irregular

35
Q

Blood and lymph.
Watery matrix of dissolved proteins.
Carry specific cell types.

A

Fluid connective

36
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

37
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

38
Q

Membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function in blood clotting.

A

Platelets

39
Q

Extracellular fluid
Collected from interstitial space.
Monitored by immune system.

A

Lymph

40
Q

Gel type ground substance.

For shock absorption and protection.

A

Cartilage

41
Q

Calcified

For weight support

A

Bone

42
Q

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

A

Types of cartilage

43
Q

Stiff, flexible support.

Reduces friction between bones.

A

Hyaline

44
Q

Supportive but bends easily.

Found in external ear and epiglottis

A

Elastic

45
Q

Limits movement.
Prevents bone to bone contact.
Pads knee joints.
Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs.

A

Fibrocartilage

46
Q

Strong calcified calcium salt deposits.

Resists shattering.

A

Bone ( Osseous tissue)

47
Q

Covers bone surfaces.
Fibrous layers.
Cellular layer.

A

Periosteum

48
Q

Line passageways that have external connections

In digestive. Respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

A

Mucous membrane

49
Q

Must be moist.
To reduce friction.
To facilitate absorption and excretion.

A

Epithelial surfaces

50
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Lamina propria

51
Q

Lines cavities not open to the outside.
Are thin but strong.
Have fluid transudate to reduce friction.
Have a parietal portion covering the cavity.
Have a visceral portion covering the organs.

A

Serous membrane

52
Q

Pleura
Peritoneum
Pericardium

A

Serous membranes

53
Q

Lines pleural cavities

Covers lungs

A

Pleura

54
Q

Line peritoneal cavity.

Covers abdominal cavities

A

Peritoneum

55
Q

Lines pericardial cavity.

Covers heart.

A

Pericardium

56
Q

Is skin, surface if the body.

Thick, waterproof and dry.

A

Cutaneous membrane

57
Q

Line moving, articulating joint cavities
Produce synovial fluid
Protect the ends of bones
Lack of true epithelium

A

Synovial membranes

Anatomy (6 decks)

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