Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q
  1. support
  2. storage of minerals and lipids
  3. blood cell production
  4. protection
  5. leverage
A

Five primarily functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Includes bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissue.

A

The skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Sutural bones
Irregular bones
Short bones 
Flat bones 
Long bones 
Sesamoid bones
A

Six bone shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Small, irregular bones

A

Sutural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Have complex shapes

A

Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Small and thick

A

Short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thin with parallel surfaces

A

Flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Long and thin

A

Long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Small and flat

A

Sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Along bone surface

A

Depressions or grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where tendons and ligaments attach.

At articulations with other bones.

A

Elevations or projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where blood and nerves enter bone

A

Tunnels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The shaft
A heavy wall of compact bone, or dense bones
A central space called medullary cavity

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wide part at each end
Articulation with other bones
Mostly spongy bone
Covered with compact bone

A

Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet

A

Metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Form pathways for blood vessels

Exchange nutrients and wastes

A

Canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Covers outer surfaces of bones

Consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two-thirds of bone matrix is calcium phosphate
Reacts with calcium hydroxide
To form crystals of hydroxyapatite
Which incorporates other calcium salts and ions

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Make up 2 percent of bone mass

A

Bone cells (osteocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. osteocytes
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteoprogenitor cells
  4. Osteoclasts
A

Types of bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do not divide.

Help repair damaged bones

A

Osteocytes

21
Q

Immature bone cells that turn into osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts

22
Q

Stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

Assist in fracture repair

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

23
Q

Secrete acids and protein digesting enzymes

Recycler of the bone

A

Osteoblasts

24
Q

Perforating canals
Perpendicular to the central canal
Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow

A

Compact bone

25
Q

Does not have osteons

Trabeculae have no blood vessels

A

Spongy bone

26
Q

In some bones, spongy bone holds yellow bone marrow

Is yellow because it stores fat

A

Yellow bone marrow

27
Q

Human bones grow until about age 25

A

Bone development

28
Q

Bone formation

A

Osteogenesis

29
Q

The process of replacing other tissues with bone

A

Ossification

30
Q

The process of depositing calcium salts

Occurs during bone ossification and in other tissues

A

Calcification

31
Q

Ossifies bones that originate as hyaline cartilage

A

Endochrondral ossification

32
Q

Occurs in the dermis

A

Intramembranous ossification

33
Q
  1. Nutrient artery and vein
  2. Metaphyseal vessels
  3. Periosteal vessels
A

Blood supply of mature bones

34
Q

Networks of lymphatic vessels

Sensory nerves

A

The periosteum also contains

35
Q

Maintains itself.
Replaces mineral reserves.
Recycles and renews bone matrix.
Involves osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.

A

The adult skeleton

36
Q

Bone degenerates quickly

Up to one third of bone mass can be lost in a few weeks of inactivity.

A

Bone degeneration

37
Q

Made in the kidneys.
Helps absorb calcium and phosphorus from digestive tract.
Synthesis requires vitamin D3
Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis is and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation
Vitamin A stimulates osteoblast activity
Vitamin K and B12 help synthesize bone proteins

A

The hormone calcitiol

38
Q

Stimulate bone growth

A

Growth hormone and thyroxine

39
Q

Stimulate osteoblasts

A

Estrogens and androgens

40
Q

Regulate calcium and phosphate levels

A

Calcitonin and parathyroid

41
Q

Increases calcium ion levels by:
Stimulating osteoclasts
Increasing intestinal absorption of calcium
Decreasing calcium excretion at kidneys

A

Parathyroid hormone

42
Q

Opposite of PTH

A

Calcitonin

43
Q

Cracks or breaks in bones

A

Fractures

44
Q

Bleeding
Cells of the endosteum and periosteum
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts and osteocytes remodel the fracture for up to a year

A

Repairing fractures

45
Q

Bones become weaker and thinner with age
Osteopenia begins between ages 30 and 40
Women lose 8 percent of bone mass per decade men lose 3 percent

A

Age related changes

46
Q

Resulting in fragile limbs
Reduction in height
Tooth loss

A

The epiphysis, vertebrae, and jaws are most affected

47
Q

Severe bone loss
Affects normal function over age 45 occurs in
29 percent of women
18 percent of men

A

Osteoporosis

48
Q

Estrogens and androgens help maintain bone mass

Bone loss in women accelerates after menopause

A

Hormones and bone loss

49
Q

Cancerous tissues release osteoblast activating factor
That stimulates osteoclasts
And produces severe osteoporosis

A

Cancer and bone loss

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions