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Histology > MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Number of skeletal muscles in your body

A

640 skeletal muscles

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2
Q

Muscles never what?

A

Muscles never push, they always pull

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3
Q

> > MUSCLES ARE ACTUALLY PULLING THIER
INSERTIONS TOWARD THEIR

A

Origin

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4
Q

Example where the insertion point is

A

Top of humerus

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5
Q

Example where the origin is

A

Sternum

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6
Q

Whatever one muscle do, another muscle can?

A

Whatever one muscle do, another muscle can undo

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7
Q

Different skeletal muscles

A

• prime movers
• antagonists
• synergists
• fixators

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8
Q

agonist muscle

A

Prime movers

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9
Q

Muscles for Adduction

A

Prime movers

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10
Q

BRINGS A LIMB TOWARD THE
BODY

A

Adduction

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11
Q

MOVES IT AWAY
FROM THE BODY.

A

Abduction

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12
Q

Working in reverse of that particular movement

A

Antagonists

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13
Q

Example of Antagonists muscle

A

Deltoids

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14
Q

Example of prime movers musc5

A

✓ Pecs
✓ Lats

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15
Q

Help the prime movers lending a little extra oomph stabilizing joints against dislocation

A

Synergists

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16
Q

Example of synergists muscle

A

✓ infraspinatus
✓ teres minor

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17
Q

IF A SYNERGISTS IMMOBILIZES THE
MUSCLES’ ORIGIN BONE SO THAT THE
PRIME MOVER CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE,
THEN THE SYNERGIST MUSCLES IS CALLED

A

Fixator

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18
Q

A group of muscle fibers that all get their signals from the same single motor neuron

A

Motor unit

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19
Q

Motor neurons may synapse with, and innervate, a thousand muscle fibers

A

Large motor unit

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20
Q

3 different skeletal muscle periods

A

✓ Latent period
✓ period of contraction
✓ Relaxation period

21
Q

They’re generally affected by both the frequency and strength with which they’re stimulated

A

Graded muscle responses

22
Q

INCREASE THE FORCE BY ___________ WITH WHICH OUR MOTOR
NEURONS ARE FIRING.

A

INCREASING THE
FREQUENCY

23
Q

A PRODUCT OF HOW MANY
MYOSIN HEADS ARE BOUND TO ACTIN IN
EACH SARCOMERE,

A

Muscle force

24
Q

_________MEANS
MORE AVAILABLE BINDING SITES,
__________MEANS EVEN MORE
CALCIUM,

A

✓ More calcium
✓ MORE FREQUENT ACTIVATION

25
Q

IS THE CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE
FIBER IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS

A

Muscle twitch

26
Q

A MUSCLE TWITCH USUALLY INVOLVES
ALL THE _________ IN A MOTOR UNIT

A

Muscle fibers

27
Q

This is what makes it impossible to maintain vigorous muscle activity indefinitely

A

Finite supply of ATP

28
Q

Is the only way to create a GRADE OF FORCE

A

Frequency

29
Q

RECRUITMENT OR MULTIPLE
MOTOR UNIT SUMMATION

  • __________ INTENSIFIES AS MOTOR
    NEURONS STIMULATES MORE AND MORE
    MOTOR FIBERS
A

CONTRACTION

30
Q

THE FORCE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ALSO DEPENDS ON THE _________.

A

SIZE OF THE
FIBERS

31
Q

The bigger the muscle, the _____.

A

(THE BIGGER THE MUSCLE
THE
MORE THE TENSION)

32
Q

change in length but the tension is
constant

A

Isotonic contraction

33
Q

2 types of contraction

A

• isotonic
• isometric

34
Q

A contraction which a muscle shortens
while it exerts a constant force that
matches the load being lifted by the
muscle

A

Isotonic contraction

35
Q

no change in length but tension increases

A

Isometric contraction

36
Q

A contraction in which the external length
of the muscle does not change because
the force being generated by the muscle is
insufficient to move the load to which it is
attached

A

Isometric contraction

37
Q

3 SOURCES OF ENERGY OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTION

A

✓Phosphorylation (Anaerobic Respiration)
✓ Glycogen (Creatinine Phosphate)
✓ Oxidative Metabolism (Aerobic
Respiration)

38
Q

Prolong and strong contraction of muscle

A

Muscle fatigue

39
Q

Decrease the capacity to work and reduced efficiency of
performance.

A

Muscle fatigue

40
Q

Causes of fatigue:

A

• Build up of metabolic products in the tissue owing to insufficient
blood flow
• Transmitter depletion in the NMJ.
• Insufficient supply of nutrients to maintain contraction

41
Q

Painful, spastic contraction of a muscle; usually due to a buildup of lactic acid

A

Cramps

42
Q

Non-life threatening, chronic, widespread pain in muscle with no known cure

A

Fibromyalgia

43
Q

Also known as the chronic muscle pain syndrome

A

Fibromyalgia

44
Q

Enlargement of a muscle due to an increased number of myofibrils, as occurs with increased muscle use

A

Hypertrophy

45
Q

Decrease in muscle size due to a decreased number of myofilaments, can occur due to disuse of a muscle, as in paralysis

A

Atrophy

46
Q

Group of genetic disorders in which all types of muscle degenerate and atrophy

A

Muscle dystrophy

47
Q

Muscles are weak and fail to relax following forceful contractions; affects the hands most severely

A

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

48
Q

Inflammation of a tendon or its attachment point due to overuse of the muscle

A

Tendinitis

49
Q

Symptoms:
• muscle weakness
• muscle atrophy
• contractures

Treatment:
• physical therapy to prevent contractures
• no effective treatment to prevent atrophy

A

DMD
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy

Histology (8 decks)

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