LECTURE 4 | Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
When does the Bone replaces cartilage?
In fetal and childhood periods
What age does the normal growth stop?
Between 17-25 years old.
Give the 10 location of Cartilage in Adults
- External ear
- Nose
- Articular
- Costal
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
- Cartilaginous rings ( trachea and bronchi)
- Intervertebral discs
- Pubic symphysis
- Articular discs
Cartilage covering the ends of most bones and movable joints
Articular
A cartilage that connects ribs to sternum
Costal
Voice box
Larynx
flap keeping food out of lungs
Epiglottis
Cartilage:
e.g., meniscus in knee joint
Articular discs
Pad-like cartilage in knee joint
Meniscus
What kind of tissue is the Cartilage?
Connective tissue
Types of cartilage that is flexible and Resilient
Hyaline Cartilage
Cells that is responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissues within joints.
Chondrocytes
• Jellylike ground substance of complex sugar molecules
• 60-80% water (responsible for the resilience)
• No nerves or vessels
Chondrocytes
• Chondrocytes
• Lacuna
• Collagen the only fiber
Hyaline Cartilage
Types of cartilage that is:
• Highly bendable
• Matrix with elastic as well as collagen fibers
Elastic Cartilage
Types of cartilage that can be found in Epiglottis, Larynx and Outer ear
Elastic Cartilage
Types of cartilage that resist compression and tension
Fibrocartilage
Types of cartilage that are rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes (in matrix)
Fibrocartilage
Types of cartilage that can be found in Knee menisci, and annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs.
Fibrocartilage
Growth of cartilage from outside
Appositional
Growth of cartilage where Chondroblasts in perichondrium (external covering of cartilage) secrete matrix
Appositional
Growth of cartilage from within
Interstitial
Growth of cartilage where Chondrocytes within divide and secrete new matrix
Interstitial
What happens to the growth of cartilage in late teens?
Cartilage stops growing in late teens
What happens to the growth of cartilage in adults?
Regenerates poorly in adults
Bones like other Connective tissues, cells separated by Extracellular matrix with collagen but also _____________.
Mineral crystals
5 functions of the Bone
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Mineral Storage
- Blood cell formation & energy storage
Serves as the lever to move the body
Bone
Skull protect?
Brain
Vertebrae protect?
Spinal cord
Rib cage protect?
Thoracic organs
What minerals does the Bone store?
Calcium and phosphorus
6 Classification of Bones by shape
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Pneumatized bones
- Sesamoid bones
5 Gross Anatomy of Bones
- Compact bone
- Spongy (trabecular)
- Blood vessels
- Medullary cavity
- Membranes
Classification of Bones that are tubular diaphysis or shaft
Long bones
Bones:
• Connective tissue membrane
• Covers entire outer surface of bone except at epiphyses
Periosteum
Two sublayers of Periosteum
✓ Outer fibrous layer
✓ Inner (deep) cellular osteogenic layer
Osteoprogenitor cells:
-bone depositing cells
Osteoblast
Osteoprogenitor cells
-bone destroying cells
Osteoclast
• Covers the internal bone surface
• Osteogenic
Endosteum
Classification of Bones that are layers of lamellae and osteocytes
Spongy bone
Classification of the bones that are:
• Osteon: pillars
• Lamellae: concentric tubes
• Haversian canals
• Osteocytes
Compact bone
Formation of Bone
Osteogenesis
“to turn into bone”
Ossification
Bone development that forms directly from mesenchyme
Intramembranous ossification
Bone development of all the ret of the bones
Endochondral ossification
Disease that has these symptoms:
•Loss of height
•Easily broken bones
•Pain and stiffness especially in spine
Osteoporosis
