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Histology > LECTURE 4 | Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

LECTURE 4 | Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

When does the Bone replaces cartilage?

A

In fetal and childhood periods

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2
Q

What age does the normal growth stop?

A

Between 17-25 years old.

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3
Q

Give the 10 location of Cartilage in Adults

A
  1. External ear
  2. Nose
  3. Articular
  4. Costal
  5. Larynx
  6. Epiglottis
  7. Cartilaginous rings ( trachea and bronchi)
  8. Intervertebral discs
  9. Pubic symphysis
  10. Articular discs
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4
Q

Cartilage covering the ends of most bones and movable joints

A

Articular

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5
Q

A cartilage that connects ribs to sternum

A

Costal

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6
Q

Voice box

A

Larynx

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7
Q

flap keeping food out of lungs

A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

Cartilage:

e.g., meniscus in knee joint

A

Articular discs

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9
Q

Pad-like cartilage in knee joint

A

Meniscus

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10
Q

What kind of tissue is the Cartilage?

A

Connective tissue

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11
Q

Types of cartilage that is flexible and Resilient

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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12
Q

Cells that is responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissues within joints.

A

Chondrocytes

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13
Q

• Jellylike ground substance of complex sugar molecules
• 60-80% water (responsible for the resilience)
• No nerves or vessels

A

Chondrocytes

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14
Q

• Chondrocytes
• Lacuna
• Collagen the only fiber

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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15
Q

Types of cartilage that is:

• Highly bendable
• Matrix with elastic as well as collagen fibers

A

Elastic Cartilage

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16
Q

Types of cartilage that can be found in Epiglottis, Larynx and Outer ear

A

Elastic Cartilage

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17
Q

Types of cartilage that resist compression and tension

A

Fibrocartilage

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18
Q

Types of cartilage that are rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes (in matrix)

A

Fibrocartilage

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19
Q

Types of cartilage that can be found in Knee menisci, and annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs.

A

Fibrocartilage

20
Q

Growth of cartilage from outside

A

Appositional

21
Q

Growth of cartilage where Chondroblasts in perichondrium (external covering of cartilage) secrete matrix

A

Appositional

22
Q

Growth of cartilage from within

A

Interstitial

23
Q

Growth of cartilage where Chondrocytes within divide and secrete new matrix

A

Interstitial

24
Q

What happens to the growth of cartilage in late teens?

A

Cartilage stops growing in late teens

25
Q

What happens to the growth of cartilage in adults?

A

Regenerates poorly in adults

26
Q

Bones like other Connective tissues, cells separated by Extracellular matrix with collagen but also _____________.

A

Mineral crystals

27
Q

5 functions of the Bone

A
  1. Support
  2. Movement
  3. Protection
  4. Mineral Storage
  5. Blood cell formation & energy storage
28
Q

Serves as the lever to move the body

A

Bone

29
Q

Skull protect?

A

Brain

30
Q

Vertebrae protect?

A

Spinal cord

31
Q

Rib cage protect?

A

Thoracic organs

32
Q

What minerals does the Bone store?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

33
Q

6 Classification of Bones by shape

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
  5. Pneumatized bones
  6. Sesamoid bones
34
Q

5 Gross Anatomy of Bones

A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Spongy (trabecular)
  3. Blood vessels
  4. Medullary cavity
  5. Membranes
35
Q

Classification of Bones that are tubular diaphysis or shaft

A

Long bones

36
Q

Bones:

• Connective tissue membrane
• Covers entire outer surface of bone except at epiphyses

A

Periosteum

37
Q

Two sublayers of Periosteum

A

✓ Outer fibrous layer
✓ Inner (deep) cellular osteogenic layer

38
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells:

-bone depositing cells

A

Osteoblast

39
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

-bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclast

40
Q

• Covers the internal bone surface
• Osteogenic

A

Endosteum

41
Q

Classification of Bones that are layers of lamellae and osteocytes

A

Spongy bone

42
Q

Classification of the bones that are:

• Osteon: pillars
• Lamellae: concentric tubes
• Haversian canals
• Osteocytes

A

Compact bone

43
Q

Formation of Bone

A

Osteogenesis

44
Q

“to turn into bone”

A

Ossification

45
Q

Bone development that forms directly from mesenchyme

A

Intramembranous ossification

46
Q

Bone development of all the ret of the bones

A

Endochondral ossification

47
Q

Disease that has these symptoms:

•Loss of height
•Easily broken bones
•Pain and stiffness especially in spine

A

Osteoporosis

Histology (8 decks)

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