muscular system :)

Question 1

frontalis (location + function)

Answer 1

the frontalis is located on the forehead.
it acts to fix the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead

Question 2

occipitalis (location + function)

Answer 2

this is located over the occipitalis bone/occipial lob of the brain.
it pulls the scalp posteriorly

Question 3

orbicularis occuli (location + function)

Answer 3

this is located around the eye and is the major muscle of the eyelid. it helps to close the eye.

Question 4

levator palpebrae superioris (location + function)

Answer 4

it is located on the eyelid.
it elevates the upper eyelid

Question 5

nasalis

Answer 5

it is located on the nose and it flares the nostrils

Question 6

procerus

Answer 6

wrinkles the nose in response to bad odors. it is on the top bridge of the nose

Question 7

zygomaticus major and minor (location + function)

Answer 7

they are located within the cheek, the major being larger and below the minor.
they help one smile

Question 8

orbicularis oris (location + function)

Answer 8

it is the circular muscle around the lips.
it helps to close and pucker the lips.

Question 9

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 9

it depresses the lower lip

Question 10

depressor anguli oris

Answer 10

it pulls the corners of the mouth downward to make one frown (dao- each one making the forwn get bigger)

Question 11

levator anguli oris

Answer 11

it pulls the corners of the mouth up and laterally to give one a smile.
it works with the zygomatic major and minor.

Question 12

risorius

Answer 12

it works to facilitate smiling AND is one of the muscles needed in MASTICATION

Question 13

mentalis (location + function)

Answer 13

this is located on the central lower part of the chin.
it helps to protrude the lower lip.

Question 14

buccinator (location + function)

Answer 14

this is the muscle of the cheek.
it helps to compress cheek against teeth when chewing so it does not inflate. it also is a muscle that aids in MASTICATION

Question 15

platysma (location + function)

Answer 15

this is located by the sternocleidomastoid. it helps to tense the skin of the neck and face and allows one to pout

Question 16

what are the MAJOR muscles of mastication?

Answer 16

• masseter
• temporalis
• medial pterygoid
• lateral pterygoid

Question 17

masseter (location + function)

Answer 17

it is a flat, large muscle in the cheek.
it is arguably to the most powerful muscle in the body BUT it is the most powerful muscle in mastication.

Question 18

temporalis

Answer 18

it is located near temples.
it elevated the mandible for chewing

Question 19

medial pterygoid

Answer 19

it is behind the teeth and toward the center.
it elevated the mandible and allows for side to side movement during chewing.

Question 20

lateral pterygoid (location + function)

Answer 20

it is by the zygomatic bone.
it depresses the mandible with side to side movement
NOTE: IT IS THE ONLY MUSCLE THAT ALLOWS MASTICATION THAT DEPRESSES THE MANDIBLE

Question 21

what muscle(s) depress the mandible in mastication?

Answer 21

there is only one muscle that does that- the lateral pterygoid

Question 22

what are all of the extrinsic eye muscles? (location + function)

Answer 22

there are 6 muscles that all insert into the sclera of the eye.
- lateral rectus
-medial rectus
- inferior rectus
- superior rectus
- superior oblique
- inferior oblique

Question 23

which muscle in the tongue is the prime mover?

Answer 23

it is the genioglossus and it PORRACTS or sticks out the tongue

Question 24

sternocleidomastoid (location + function)

Answer 24

it is on the anterior side of the neck, thinner muscle than the platysma.
it pulls the head to one side, allows for neck flexion and later flexion with rotation. (lots of movement for the head and the neck.

Question 25

erector spinae (location + function)

Answer 25

these are three muscles that come from the lumbar portion of the spine all the way up to the upper thoracic/lower cervical portions. this helps to extend the spine.

Question 26

what are the three muscles of the erector spinae + their functions

Answer 26

iliocostalis - most lateral longissimus - middle spinalis - most medial AKA: sli

Question 27

what are the muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 27

- rectus abdominis - external oblique - internal oblique - transverse oblique

Question 28

rectus abdominis (location + function)

Answer 28

the rectus abdominis is the most superficialis layer of all of the abdominal wall. it helps to flex and rotate the lumbar spine, as well as stabilizing the ribs and the pelvis.

Question 29

external oblique (location + function)

Answer 29

the external oblique is the largest of the abdominal muscles. it helps to flex, rotate, and laterally flex the trunk.

Question 30

internal oblique (location + function)

Answer 30

this is beneath the external oblique, or is deep to it. it has the same functions as the external obliques- flexing, rotating, and laterally flexing the trunk

Question 31

what are the muscles of the thorax/upper trunk?

Answer 31

- pectoralis minor - serratus anterior - trapezius - rhombdoids - levator scapulae

Question 32

pectoralis minor

Answer 32

it is deep/beneath and smaller than the pectoralis major. NOT to be confused with the serratus anterior. it pulls the scapula forward and hunches the shoulders

Question 33

serratus anterior

Answer 33

this is deep to the scapula and below the pectoralis major. it protracts the scapula

Question 34

trapezius

Answer 34

this is on the posterior side of the body and it looks like a kite. itt stabilizes, raises, rotates, elevates, and depresses the scapula

Question 35

rhomboids

Answer 35

this is beneath/deep to the trapezius. there is a rhomboid major and minor, the major being larger and below the minor. this helps to retract and elevate the scapula.

Question 36

what are the MAJOR muscles of the upper extremity?

Answer 36

- pectoralis major - latissimus dorsi - deltoid

Question 37

pectoralis major (location + function)

Answer 37

it is located on the chest and is a large muscle. its MAJOR function is to adduct the arms from the body.

Question 38

latissimus dorsi

Answer 38

these on are the sides of the lower back. they also aid in adduction. #movingawaytowardthemidline

Question 39

deltoid

Answer 39

it is like a little shoulder cap lol. it works to move the arms up and awayyyy

Question 40

what are the rotator cuff muscles??

Answer 40

-subscapularis -infraspinatus -supraspinatus -teres major

Question 41

teres major

Answer 41

it is the synergist of the lats

Question 42

coracobrachilis

Answer 42

it is the synergist of the pec major

Question 43

triceps brachii

Answer 43

it is the prime move of elbow EXTENSION

Question 44

biceps brachii

Answer 44

it helps to FLEX THE ELBOW

Question 45

brachialis

Answer 45

it is the prime mover of ELBOW FLEXION

Question 46

muscles in the arm that you MUST KNOW on the ANTERIOR side

Answer 46

pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis flexor pollicis longus flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus

Question 47

MUST know muscles in the arm that are POSTERIOR

Answer 47

extensor carpi radialis (brevis + longus) extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicus

Question 48

muscles that cross the hip joint ANTERIORLY

Answer 48

iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major) sartorius

Question 49

muscles crossing the hip joint MEDIALLY

Answer 49

gracilis adductor magnus adductor longus adductor brevis

Question 50

muscle crossing the hip joint POSTEROIRLY

Answer 50

gluteus maximus- prime hip extensor gluteus minimus gluteus medius a muscle that crosses the hip joint as an external rotator: piriformis

Question 51

must know muscles that cross the knee joint ANTERIORLY

Answer 51

RECTUS FEMORIS vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis tensor fasciae latae

Question 52

what muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 52

biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus

Question 53

must know muscles of the leg ANTERIORLY

Answer 53

tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus

Question 54

muscles of the leg that must be known POSTERIORLY

Answer 54

gastrocnemius soleus