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anatomy terms + materials > muscular system :) > Flashcards

muscular system :) Flashcards

1
Q

frontalis (location + function)

A

the frontalis is located on the forehead.
it acts to fix the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead

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2
Q

occipitalis (location + function)

A

this is located over the occipitalis bone/occipial lob of the brain.
it pulls the scalp posteriorly

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3
Q

orbicularis occuli (location + function)

A

this is located around the eye and is the major muscle of the eyelid. it helps to close the eye.

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4
Q

levator palpebrae superioris (location + function)

A

it is located on the eyelid.
it elevates the upper eyelid

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5
Q

nasalis

A

it is located on the nose and it flares the nostrils

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6
Q

procerus

A

wrinkles the nose in response to bad odors. it is on the top bridge of the nose

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7
Q

zygomaticus major and minor (location + function)

A

they are located within the cheek, the major being larger and below the minor.
they help one smile

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8
Q

orbicularis oris (location + function)

A

it is the circular muscle around the lips.
it helps to close and pucker the lips.

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9
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

it depresses the lower lip

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10
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

it pulls the corners of the mouth downward to make one frown (dao- each one making the forwn get bigger)

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11
Q

levator anguli oris

A

it pulls the corners of the mouth up and laterally to give one a smile.
it works with the zygomatic major and minor.

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12
Q

risorius

A

it works to facilitate smiling AND is one of the muscles needed in MASTICATION

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13
Q

mentalis (location + function)

A

this is located on the central lower part of the chin.
it helps to protrude the lower lip.

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14
Q

buccinator (location + function)

A

this is the muscle of the cheek.
it helps to compress cheek against teeth when chewing so it does not inflate. it also is a muscle that aids in MASTICATION

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15
Q

platysma (location + function)

A

this is located by the sternocleidomastoid. it helps to tense the skin of the neck and face and allows one to pout

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16
Q

what are the MAJOR muscles of mastication?

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
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17
Q

masseter (location + function)

A

it is a flat, large muscle in the cheek.
it is arguably to the most powerful muscle in the body BUT it is the most powerful muscle in mastication.

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18
Q

temporalis

A

it is located near temples.
it elevated the mandible for chewing

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19
Q

medial pterygoid

A

it is behind the teeth and toward the center.
it elevated the mandible and allows for side to side movement during chewing.

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20
Q

lateral pterygoid (location + function)

A

it is by the zygomatic bone.
it depresses the mandible with side to side movement
NOTE: IT IS THE ONLY MUSCLE THAT ALLOWS MASTICATION THAT DEPRESSES THE MANDIBLE

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21
Q

what muscle(s) depress the mandible in mastication?

A

there is only one muscle that does that- the lateral pterygoid

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22
Q

what are all of the extrinsic eye muscles? (location + function)

A

there are 6 muscles that all insert into the sclera of the eye.
- lateral rectus
-medial rectus
- inferior rectus
- superior rectus
- superior oblique
- inferior oblique

23
Q

which muscle in the tongue is the prime mover?

A

it is the genioglossus and it PORRACTS or sticks out the tongue

24
Q

sternocleidomastoid (location + function)

A

it is on the anterior side of the neck, thinner muscle than the platysma.
it pulls the head to one side, allows for neck flexion and later flexion with rotation. (lots of movement for the head and the neck.

25
Q

erector spinae (location + function)

A

these are three muscles that come from the lumbar portion of the spine all the way up to the upper thoracic/lower cervical portions.
this helps to extend the spine.

26
Q

what are the three muscles of the erector spinae + their functions

A

iliocostalis - most lateral
longissimus - middle
spinalis - most medial
AKA: sli

27
Q

what are the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transverse oblique
28
Q

rectus abdominis (location + function)

A

the rectus abdominis is the most superficialis layer of all of the abdominal wall.
it helps to flex and rotate the lumbar spine, as well as stabilizing the ribs and the pelvis.

29
Q

external oblique (location + function)

A

the external oblique is the largest of the abdominal muscles.
it helps to flex, rotate, and laterally flex the trunk.

30
Q

internal oblique (location + function)

A

this is beneath the external oblique, or is deep to it.
it has the same functions as the external obliques- flexing, rotating, and laterally flexing the trunk

31
Q

what are the muscles of the thorax/upper trunk?

A
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
  • trapezius
  • rhombdoids
  • levator scapulae
32
Q

pectoralis minor

A

it is deep/beneath and smaller than the pectoralis major. NOT to be confused with the serratus anterior.
it pulls the scapula forward and hunches the shoulders

33
Q

serratus anterior

A

this is deep to the scapula and below the pectoralis major.
it protracts the scapula

34
Q

trapezius

A

this is on the posterior side of the body and it looks like a kite.
itt stabilizes, raises, rotates, elevates, and depresses the scapula

35
Q

rhomboids

A

this is beneath/deep to the trapezius. there is a rhomboid major and minor, the major being larger and below the minor.
this helps to retract and elevate the scapula.

36
Q

what are the MAJOR muscles of the upper extremity?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
  • deltoid
37
Q

pectoralis major (location + function)

A

it is located on the chest and is a large muscle.
its MAJOR function is to adduct the arms from the body.

38
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

these on are the sides of the lower back.
they also aid in adduction. #movingawaytowardthemidline

39
Q

deltoid

A

it is like a little shoulder cap lol.
it works to move the arms up and awayyyy

40
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles??

A

-subscapularis
-infraspinatus
-supraspinatus
-teres major

41
Q

teres major

A

it is the synergist of the lats

42
Q

coracobrachilis

A

it is the synergist of the pec major

43
Q

triceps brachii

A

it is the prime move of elbow EXTENSION

44
Q

biceps brachii

A

it helps to FLEX THE ELBOW

45
Q

brachialis

A

it is the prime mover of ELBOW FLEXION

46
Q

muscles in the arm that you MUST KNOW on the ANTERIOR side

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

47
Q

MUST know muscles in the arm that are POSTERIOR

A

extensor carpi radialis (brevis + longus)
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor indicus

48
Q

muscles that cross the hip joint ANTERIORLY

A

iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)
sartorius

49
Q

muscles crossing the hip joint MEDIALLY

A

gracilis
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis

50
Q

muscle crossing the hip joint POSTEROIRLY

A

gluteus maximus- prime hip extensor
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
a muscle that crosses the hip joint as an external rotator: piriformis

51
Q

must know muscles that cross the knee joint ANTERIORLY

A

RECTUS FEMORIS
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
tensor fasciae latae

52
Q

what muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

53
Q

must know muscles of the leg ANTERIORLY

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus

54
Q

muscles of the leg that must be known POSTERIORLY

A

gastrocnemius
soleus

anatomy terms + materials (8 decks)

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