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anatomy terms + materials > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic factors

A
  1. Varying amount of melanin (protein that darkens in sunlight)
  2. Varying amount of melanin granules (we all have the same number of melanosomes but not all are transferred to keratinocytes)
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2
Q

Environmental factors

A
  1. Sunlight
  2. UV light from sunlamps
  3. X-rays
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3
Q

Physiological factors

A
  1. Dilation of dermal blood vessels (this happens when you are hot and it helps to cool you down)
  2. Constriction of dermal blood vessels (slap to the face starts with brightness to face first à constriction makes the skin bright)
  3. Accumulation of carotene
  4. Jaundice (babies that are yellow à liver immature and cannot break drown bilirubin)
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4
Q

functions

A
  1. secretion + absorption
  2. immune function
  3. temp regulation
  4. protection
  5. sensory function
  6. metabolic regulation
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5
Q

basic order

A

epidermis –> dermis –> subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

epidermis

A
  1. avascular
  2. stratified squamous
  3. has 5 layers (but most portions of the body only have 4)
  4. has sweat glands
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7
Q

stratum basale

A
  1. deepest layer of epithelium
  2. single layer of cudoidal w wavy membrane
  3. contains MELANOCYTES, KERATINOCYTES, AND TACTILE CELLS
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8
Q

melanocyte

A

creates melanin, looks like a spider

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9
Q

keratinocyte

A

contains kertain, tightly packed by desmosomes,

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10
Q

tactile cell

A

sensory nerve cells so one can feel things on skin

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11
Q

stratum spinosum

A

the prickly/spiny layer, cells become flatter

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12
Q

stratum lucidum

A

ONLY ON PALMS AND SOLES, translucent layer, cells have no organelles

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13
Q

stratum corneum

A

top layer, waterproof

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14
Q

hemoglobin

A

O2 binding protein that makes rbcs red

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15
Q

carotene

A

yellow/orange pigment in vegetables that can make the skin orange/yellowish

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16
Q

cyanosis

A

results from poor oxygenation of the blood (skin/nail beds appear blue ish)

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17
Q

pallor (blanching)

A

results of stress, fear, anger, anemia, and/or hypertension

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18
Q

nevus

A

a mole, overgrowth of melanocytes

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19
Q

freckles

A

localized areas of increased melanocyte activity

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20
Q

hemangioma

A

benign bb tumor, gives red color to area

21
Q

friction ridges

A

FOUND ON FINGERTIPS, LARGE FOLDS AND VALLEYS

22
Q

dermis

A
  1. houses sebaceous glands and hair follicles
  2. composed of DENSE IRREGULAR CT (*note for immune defense- fibroblasts, macrophages, wbcs)
  3. very vascular
  4. houses sensory receptors and many proteins
23
Q

striae

A

stretch mark

24
Q

papillary layer of dermis

A

areolar CT, epidermal ridges, 20%

25
Q

reticularlayer

A

deepest layer, dense irregular ct, 80%

26
Q

hypodermis

A

aka the subcutaneous layer, not part of the “true skin”, protects, stores energy, and insulates, common location for medicine transfers via shot

27
Q

unguis

A

structure on nail, assists in grasping objects

28
Q

eponychium (cuticlke)

A

narrow band of epidermis from margin of nail wall onto nail body, very thin and dead but right underneath

29
Q

lanugo

A

fine, unpigmented,downy hair

30
Q

vellus

A

fine, pale hair (upper arms and lower limbs)

31
Q

terminal hair

A

coarser and more pigmented hair (eyelash, eyebrow, beard)

32
Q

medulla- central core (hair)

A

lots of hair, remnant of matrix, flexible and soft keratin

33
Q

cortex- surrounds medulla

A

tightly packed cells that are flattened, relatively hard

34
Q

cuticle

A

layer around cortex (overlapping cells)

35
Q

sweat gland

A

apocrine or merocrine

36
Q

holocrine secretion

A

destroys gland cell by them bursting from having too much within them, starts during puberty

37
Q

merocrine

A

most abundant and widely distributed, found everywhere, secretions directly onto skin surface, 99% water, sweat is salty

38
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating with wetness of skin (exercise)

39
Q

apocrine

A

secretions into hair follicles in armpits, puberty, produces viscous cloudy secretions, has an odor

40
Q

ceruminous gland

A

creates waterproof ear wax

41
Q

calcitrol

A

helps the body absorb calcium and phosphate from diet to regulate blood calcium levels

42
Q

thick skin

A

all five layers, sweat glands, NO SEBACEOUS GLANDS/HAIR FOLLICLES)

43
Q

what cells are found in all layers?

A

keratinocytes

44
Q

stratum granulosum

A

grainy, 2-5 cell layers thick

45
Q

hair bulb

A

surrounds hair papillae, composed of CT, nerve endings surround it

46
Q

root

A

zone of hair from bulb to skin surface

47
Q

arrector pili muscles

A

involuntary smooth muscle attached to hair follicle that causes reactions to temperature and fear

48
Q
A

anatomy terms + materials (8 decks)

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