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anatomy terms + materials > general review of respiratory, renal, and GI systems > Flashcards

general review of respiratory, renal, and GI systems Flashcards

1
Q

pharynx in order

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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2
Q

what is in the respiratory zone?

A
  • alveolar sacs (simple squam)
  • alveolar ducts
  • respiratory bronchioles
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3
Q

what does the epiglottis cover?

A

the larynx

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4
Q

trachea is made of?

A

hyaline cartilage in C shaped rings

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5
Q

the left lung has how many lobes?

A

2 lobes

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6
Q

the right lung has how many lobes?

A

3 lobes

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7
Q

characteristics of alveolar type II cell?

A

-secretes oily pulmonary surfactant

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8
Q

does the lung have a hilum?

A

yes!

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9
Q

what does the urinary system get rid of?

A
  • CO2
  • Nitrogen
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10
Q

what % of blood goes straight to kidneys?

A

20%

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11
Q

what hormone is expelled from the kidney?

A

erythropoietin! it is excreted in response to low O2

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12
Q

what nervous system is related to the urinary system?

A

the SYMPATHETIC only!!! there is no PNS here!!!

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13
Q

how many nephrons per kidney?

A

1 million

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14
Q

what does a nephron do?

A

it filters the fluid part of the blood to extract Nitrogen

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15
Q

what is the renal corpuscle?

A
  • an enlarged bulbous region of nephron
  • glomerulus: where the capillary beds are! NOTE: THIS COMES FROM THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLE and blood EXITS from the EFFERENT ARTERIOLE
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16
Q

blood flow through renal capillary bed?

A

afferent arteriole —> glomerular capillary bed —-> efferent arteriole —> peritubular capillary bed

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17
Q

structural order of a nephron?

A

proximal convoluted tubule —-> loop of Henley —> distal convoluted tubule —> collecting duct

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18
Q

juxtamedullary nephrons

A

special nephrons in the renal medulla!

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19
Q

where is reabsorption in the kidney?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

20
Q

how much blood is filtered a day?
how much becomes urine?

A

180-200L of blood are filtered a day, but only 1.8-2L becomes urine

21
Q

what is a poddocyte?

A

a special cell only in the glomerular capsule :)
- has feet like extensions that cover capillaries
- prevents nutrients/important cells from being filtered into urine! no waste here!

22
Q

what is the vasa recta?

A

this is the capillary bed that surrounds the loop of henley

23
Q

what part of the urinary system has peristalsis?

A

that would be the ureters!

24
Q

the _______ and the _________ are controlled by both SNS and PSNS

A
  • ureters
    -urinary bladder
25
Q

where is the detrusor muscle found?

A

in the bladder!

26
Q

the internal sphincter is…..

A

involuntary —> controlled by the autonomic nervous system

27
Q

the external sphincter is…..

A

voluntary —> the detrusor muscle is trained to open and excrete urine

28
Q

how long is the female urethra vs male urethra?

A

female: 3-4cm long
male: 20cm

29
Q

what is the enzyme from salivary glands?

A

amylase!

30
Q

mouth’s function in digestion?

A

chemical and mechanical things
- mastication
- enzymes

31
Q

mucosa is made of two parts:

A

epithelium + underlying lamina propria

32
Q

mucosa epithelium is made of:

A

simple columnar + nonkeratinized stratified squamous

33
Q

mucosa underlying lamina propria is made of:

A

areolar tissue + small bvs + nerves

34
Q

submucosa has:

A
  • areolar + dense CT
  • LOTS of bvs
35
Q

what nervous system allows for digestion?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

36
Q

how often are cells here regenerated?

A

every 3-5 days
- this is because it is a very harsh environment :/

37
Q

satiety center

A

tells you when you’re full!

38
Q

what are the salivary glands?

A
  • parotid (largest)
  • submandibular
  • sublinguinal
39
Q

what is the mastication center?

A

medulla + pons !!!

40
Q

what is the esophagus made out of?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

41
Q

surface mucosa

A

secretes alkaline fluid w mucin

42
Q

mucous neck

A

secretes acidic fluid w mucin

43
Q

parietal cell

A

secretes intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid

44
Q

chief cell

A

secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

45
Q

G-cell

A

secretes gastrin !

anatomy terms + materials (8 decks)

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