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Biology 2 > MUSCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tissues with specialized cells that contract

A

MUSCLES

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2
Q

shorten when stimulated

A

MUSCLES

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3
Q

Your body has ———different muscles,

A

600

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4
Q

Muscle tissues are not limited to those found beneath the skin, but also deep within the body as part of the

A

digestive, circulatory and excretory organs.

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5
Q

FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES

A

Produce movement

Maintain posture

Stabilize joints

Generate hea

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6
Q

Is an organ system which permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.

A

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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7
Q

Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement

A

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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8
Q

are responsible for all types of body movement

A

Muscles

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9
Q

muscle cell

A

muscle fiber

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10
Q

Muscle cells are

A

elongated

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11
Q

Contraction of muscles is due to the movement of

A

microfilaments

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12
Q

Prefix myo refers to

A

muscle

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13
Q

Prefix mys refers to

A

muscle

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14
Q

Prefix sarco refers to

A

flesh

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15
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated
Involuntary

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated
Voluntary

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17
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Non Striated
Involuntary

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18
Q

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

A

Most are attached by tendons to bones
Cells are multinucleate
Striated – have visible banding
Voluntary – subject to conscious control
Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue

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19
Q

subject to conscious control

A

Voluntary

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20
Q

have visible banding

A

Striated

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21
Q

around single muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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22
Q

around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers

A

Perimysium

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23
Q

on the outside of the epimysium

A

Fascia

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24
Q

blends into a connective tissue attachment

A

Epimysium

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25
Q

cord-like structure

A

Tendon

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26
Q

sheet-like structure

A

Aponeuroses

27
Q

Sites of muscle attachment

A

BCC

Bones
Cartilages
Connective tissue coverings

28
Q

Smooth Muscle Characteristics

A

HSSIF

Has no striations
Spindle-shaped cells
Single nucleus
Involuntary – no conscious control
Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

29
Q

no conscious control

A

Involuntary

30
Q

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

A

SUJIF

Has striations
Usually has a single nucleus
Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc
Involuntary
Found only in the heart

31
Q

sterno

A

sternum

32
Q

deltoid

A

triangular

33
Q

Trapezius

A

trapezoid shaped

34
Q

flexor and extensor

A

flexes or extends a bone

35
Q

Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion

A

Example: sterno (on the sternuM)

36
Q

Shape of the muscle

A

Example: deltoid (triangular)
•Trapezius (trapezoid shaped)

37
Q

Action of the muscle

A

Example: flexor and extensor

38
Q

specialized plasma membrane

A

Sarcolemma

39
Q

specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

Bundles of myofilaments

A

Myofibril

41
Q

are aligned to give distinct bands

A

Myofibril

42
Q

I band

A

light band

43
Q

A band

A

dark band

44
Q

(complex organelle composed of bundles
of myofilaments)

A

Myofibril or fibril

45
Q

Thin

A

(actin).
filament

46
Q

Thick

A

(myosin)
filament

47
Q

Contractile unit of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

48
Q

Myosin filaments have

A

HEADS

49
Q

Activation by nerve causes myosin heads (crossbridges) to attach to binding sites on the thin filament

A

The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction

50
Q

Myosin heads then bind to the next site of the thin filament

A

The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction

51
Q

This continued action causes a sliding of the myosin along the actin

A

The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction

52
Q

The result is that the muscle is shortened (contracted)

A

The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction

53
Q

ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

A

Irritability

54
Q

ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

A

Contractility

55
Q

Properties of Skeletal Muscle Activity

A

Irritability
Contractility

56
Q

must be stimulated by a nerve to contract

A

Skeletal muscle

57
Q

One neuron

A

Motor unit

58
Q

Muscle cells stimulated by that neuron

A

Motor unit

59
Q

association site of nerve and muscle

A

Neuromuscular junctions

60
Q

gap between nerve and muscle

A

Synaptic cleft

61
Q

Nerve and muscle do not make contact

A

Synaptic cleft

62
Q

Area between nerve and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid

A

Synaptic cleft

63
Q

A neurotransmitter called————— is released at the end of the motor neuron.

A

ACETYCHOLINE

64
Q

Nerve Stimulus to Muscles

A

ACETYCHOLINE

diffuses

Influx

Biology 2 (11 decks)

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