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Biology 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Consists of the endocrine glands and the hormones they produce

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

played a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in your body.

A

Endocrine glands and hormones

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3
Q

Endocrine System Functions

A

For growth and development

regulation of the sugar level in blood

Calcium level in bones and blood

rate at which you metabolize food

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4
Q

an organ whose cells secrete materials into other regions of the body

A

gland

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5
Q

chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream.

A

Hormones

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6
Q

These chemicals act as a signals for coordinating the activities of the different parts of the human body.

A

Hormones

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7
Q

specific cell a hormone binds to and acts on (carries a message to).

A

Target cell

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8
Q

are found on the surface of their membranes of the target cells

A

Receptors

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9
Q

they are protein molecules that recognize specific hormones only

A

Receptors

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10
Q

specialized nerve cell that, when stimulated, releases hormones directly into the bloodstream for delivery to its target

A

Neurosecretory cell

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11
Q

operates as a cycle in which the last step affects the first step

A

Feedback System

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12
Q

endocrine gland decreases its activity in response to an increased concentration of the substance it regulates.

A

Negative Feedback System

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13
Q

operates when an endocrine gland increases its rate of hormonal secretion in response to a rising concentration of the substance the hormone regulates.

A

Postive Feedback System

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14
Q

Main regulator of homeostasis.

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Found at the base of your brain

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Produces hormones that help turn on and off the other endocrine glands in your body. Like, oxytocin and the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Is a pea-sized gland found in the center of the skin, right behind the bridge of the nose, below the hypothalamus of the brain.

A

Pituitary Gland (Hyphosis)

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18
Q
A

Pituitary Gland (Hyphosis)

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19
Q

Receives instructions from the hypothalamus through the releasing hormones.

A

Pituitary Gland (Hyphosis)

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20
Q

Divided into Anterior Pituitary and Posterior Pituitary Gland, each secretes different hormones.

A

Pituitary Gland (Hyphosis)

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21
Q

means “within”

A

endo

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22
Q

means “secrete”

A
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23
Q
A

krinein

24
Q

Has hormone-containing vesicles which then transport these chemicals to the target cells in other parts of the body.

A

Endocrine Glands

25
Q

Other organs contain cells or tissues that secrete hormones like brain, stomach, small intestine, kidney, liver and heart.

A

Endocrine Glands

26
Q

means “outwards”

A

exo

27
Q

Contain ducts that lead to the target cell

A

Exocrine Glands

28
Q

sweat glands, mucus glands and salivary glands.

A

Exocrine Glands

29
Q

Located in the neck region and produces two hormones- thyroxine and calcitonin.

A

Thyroid Gland

30
Q

Thyroxine promotes growth and development, and Calcitonin which controls calcium level in the blood.

A

Thyroid Gland

31
Q

The production of the hormone thyroxine is controlled to regulate body temperature

A

Thyroid Gland

32
Q

Four tiny glands embedded on the surface of the thyroid

A

Parathyroid Glands

33
Q

Secretes the parathyroid hormone which promotes digestion of bone tissue to release calcium to the blood

A

Parathyroid Glands

34
Q

is a mineral that keeps your nerves and muscles working properly

A

Calcium

35
Q

an organ with both endocrine and exocrine cells

A

Pancreas

36
Q

Endocrine cells, which are arranged in bunches called

A

Pancreatic Islets

37
Q

secrete insulin and glucagon

A

Pancreatic Islets

38
Q

aid in digestion in the small intestine

A

Exocrine cells

39
Q

plays an important role in keeping the levels of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream under control

A

Insulin

40
Q

increases the level of sugar in the body by speeding up the conversion of glycogen to sugar in the liver

A

Glucagon

41
Q

found on the top of a kidney

A

two adrenal glands

42
Q

inner adrenal glands

A

adrenal medulla

43
Q

outer Adrenal Glands

A

adrenal cortex.

44
Q

also called adrenaline

A

Epinephrine

45
Q

increases heart rate, stimulates faster breathing, and enlarges the pupils of the eyes

A

Epinephrine

46
Q

together with epinephrine it makes more fuel available to the body cells

A

Nonrepinephrine

47
Q

steroid hormones that promote glucose synthesis and break down fats and proteins

A

Corticosteroids

48
Q

Located near the thalamus of the brain

A

Pineal Glands

49
Q

Produces melatonin which regulates body rhythms and sleep patterns

A

Pineal Glands

50
Q

The human reproductive organs

A

Gonads

51
Q

produce sex hormones responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics

A

female reproductive organs and the male reproductive organs

52
Q

male reproductive organs

A

Testes

53
Q

female reproductive organs

A

ovaries

54
Q

estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

55
Q

testosterone

A

Testes

Biology 2 (11 decks)

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