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Biology 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

also known as the TRANSPORT SYSTEM or CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

is the organ system of the body responsible for the circulation of blood and other nutrients

A

Circulatory System

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3
Q

is the continuous one-way movement of the blood through the different body parts.

A

Circulation

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4
Q

it plays two important role in maintaining homeostasis

A

Functions of the Circulatory System

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5
Q

in this type, blood is pumped through open-ended vessels and diffuses out of the body

A

OPEN TYPE

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6
Q

Invertebrates such as crustaceans, spiders and grasshoppers have this type of circulatory system

A

OPEN TYPE

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7
Q

Two types of Circulatory System

A

OPEN TYPE , CLOSED TYPE

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8
Q

also known as cardiovascular system

A

CLOSED TYPE

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9
Q

This system consist of a heart and a network of vessels

A

CLOSED TYPE

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10
Q

Suitable for organisms with fast metabolism

A

CLOSED TYPE

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11
Q

Is a muscular organ about the size of your clenched fist

A

HEART

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12
Q

HEART Drives the blood through the

A

blood vessels

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13
Q

It contracts about 72 times per minute or more than 100 000 times a day.

A

HEART

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14
Q

the membrane that lines the interior of the heart

A

ENDOCARDIUM

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15
Q

the thickest layer of the cardiac muscle. It is responsible for pumping blood through blood vessels

A

MYOCARDIUM

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16
Q

the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall

A

EPICARDIUM

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17
Q

covering and protecting the heart and it connects the heart to the diaphragm and the breastbone

A

PERICARDIUM

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18
Q

The two sides are separated by a thick wall of muscle called

A

SEPTUM

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19
Q

The upper chambers are called

A

ATRIA

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20
Q

which receive blood into the heart and pump it into the VENTRICLES

A

ATRIA

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21
Q

the heart’s two lower chamber

A

VENTRICLES

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22
Q

small chambers with thin muscular walls which pump blood into the lower chambers

A

ATRIA

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23
Q

larger than the atria and have thicker muscular walls which pump blood out of the heart and into the other parts of the body

A

VENTRICLES

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24
Q

The heart has —— that regulate and direct the flow of blood

A

one-way valves

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25
Q

are located between the atria and ventricles to prevent the backflow of blood from the atria or the ventricles

A

VALVES

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26
Q

tricuspid valve

A

Atrioventricular valves

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27
Q

entrance valves which is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

Atrioventricular valves

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28
Q

mitral valve

A

Bicuspid valve

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29
Q

is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

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30
Q

is the exit valves

A

Semilunar valve

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31
Q

The pumping motion of the heart causes

A

heartbeat

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32
Q

a sound that is usually described as “lub-dub”

A

heartbeat

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33
Q

is created when the valves between the atrium and the ventricle close

A

LUB

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34
Q

is produced after the closing of the valves between the ventricles and the arteries that lead to the lungs and the rest of the body

A

DUB

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35
Q

Blood flows in a closed circuit through tubes called

A

blood vessels

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36
Q

carry blood away from the heart and into the capillaries that connect to the tissues

A

ARTERIES

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37
Q

ARTERIES they contain oxygenated blood except for the

A

pulmonary arteries

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38
Q

the largest artery is called

A

AORTA

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39
Q

the smallest subdivisions of the arteries are called

A

ARTERIOLES

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40
Q

are blood vessels responsible for carrying blood back to the heart

A

VEINS

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41
Q

VEINS contain deoxygenated blood except for the

A

pulmonary veins

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42
Q

the smallest veins are called

A

VENULES

43
Q

the finest and smallest of the three types of blood vessels

A

CAPILLARIES

44
Q

facilitates the exchange of materials between the blood and body cells or between the blood and the lung tissues

A

CAPILLARIES

45
Q

The right side pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through

A

PULMONARY CIRCUIT

46
Q

the pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

A

PULMONARY CIRCUIT

47
Q

a double pump in one organ

A

human heart

48
Q

left side receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs then circulated to the rest of the body through

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

49
Q

pathway of the blood from the heart to all parts of the body

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

50
Q

This is almost a buzz word as may are becoming, conscious of their health nowadays

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

51
Q

When blood is forced into the arteries due to ventricular contraction, it exerts pressure on the walls of the blood vessels

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

52
Q

tells you how much pressure is exerted when your heart contracts and blood flows in the arteries

A

Systolic Pressure

53
Q

tells you how much pressure is exerted when the heart relaxes

A

Diastolic Pressure

54
Q

the normal blood pressure in a healthy adult is below

A

120 systolic BP and below 80 diastolic BP

55
Q

which means that the blood is pushing on the artery walls with a pressure of below 120 mm Hg, as the heart contracts and below 80 mm Hg as the heart relaxes.

A

120 systolic BP and below 80 diastolic BP

56
Q

is the internal circulating medium of the body that gives life to the cells

A

BLOOD

57
Q

transports raw materials to cells, removes waste from cells and bring metabolic waste to the specific excretory organs of the body to avoid the build up of toxic materials

A

BLOOD

58
Q

it accounts for about 7% to 8% of the total body weight

A

BLOOD

59
Q

Blood is a specialized connective tissue with more than

A

4000 different components

60
Q

55% of blood volume is ——- which is the liquid part of the blood

A

BLOOD PLASMA

61
Q

90% of plasma

A

water

62
Q

10% of plasma

A

protein

63
Q

found in plasma also some nutrients and substances such as

A

GLUCOSE, FATS, AMINO ACIDS, ELECTROLYTES, VITAMINS, METABOLIC WASTE, HORMONES

64
Q

most abundant plasma protein in the blood

A

ALBUMIN

65
Q

Maintain osmotic pressure of the blood to regulate blood flow

A

ALBUMIN

66
Q

are switched on in a certain sequence clotting cascade when a blood vessel is damaged

A

CLOTTING FACTORS

67
Q

help fight infections

A

ANTIBODIES

68
Q

ERYTHROCYTES

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

69
Q

are tiny, concave and disc-shaped cells

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

70
Q

the ability of RBCs to carry oxygen is due to

A

hemoglobin

71
Q

an iron containing protein, which give blood its color

A

hemoglobin

72
Q

They live for about 20 to 120 days

A

RED BLOOD CELLS

73
Q

LEUKOCYTES

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

74
Q

are round cells with prominent nuclei of varying size and shapes

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

75
Q

Responsible primarily for depending the body against infections

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

76
Q

circulate for only 6 to 8 hours

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

77
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELLS categorized into

A

GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES

AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES

78
Q

active in fighting infections due to bacteria, fungi and other foreign debris

A

NEUTROPHILS

79
Q

kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, involved in allergic response

A

EOSINOPHILS

80
Q

participate in allergic responses

A

BASOPHILS

81
Q

GRANULAR LEUKOCYTES

A

BASOPHILS ,EOSINOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS

82
Q

active in providing immunity

A

LYMPHOCYTES

83
Q

function as phagocytes by ingesting dead or damaged cells.

A

MONOCYTES

84
Q

LYMPHOCYTES

A

B-LYMPHOCYTES, NATURAL KILLER CELLS, T-LYMPHOCYTES

85
Q

help defend the body against many infectious organisms

A

MONOCYTES

86
Q

THROMBOCYTES

A

PLATELETS

87
Q

are not cells in themselves but are fragments of cells

A

PLATELETS

88
Q

Responsible for clotting process by clumping together to form a plug that helps seal a blood vessel at a bleeding site

A

PLATELETS

89
Q

manufacture in the red bone marrow

A

PLATELETS

90
Q

if platelets are too low, a condition

A

thrombocytopenia

91
Q

wherein their will be abnormal bleeding

A

thrombocytopenia

92
Q

if platelets are too high, a condition

A

thrombocythemia

93
Q

will occur wherein the blood may clot excessively, causing stroke or heart attack

A

thrombocythemia

94
Q

Is the disease associated of the arteries that is associated with cholesterol buildup called plaque inside the walls of the arteries

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

95
Q

The blockage narrow the diameter of the arteries and impedes the blood flow

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

96
Q

Is a disorder that results from the blockage brought by the hardening of the arteries in the brain or in neck vessels leading to the brain

A

STROKE

97
Q

The blockage narrow the diameter of the arteries and impedes the blood flow

A

STROKE

98
Q

The inability of the blood to reach the coronary arteries of the heart

A

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

99
Q

Results from the tightening of the arterioles, the smallest arteries of the body

A

HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE

100
Q

The blood does not clot properly. Bleeding thus persists

A

HEMOPHILIA

101
Q

Is a condition wherein the red blood cell count stays persistently low

A

ANEMIA

102
Q

This situation will affect a red blood cells to carry its full share of oxygen to the body’s tissues

A

ANEMIA

103
Q

Is a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells

A

LEUKEMIA

Biology 2 (11 decks)

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