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Biology 2 > Integumentary System 2 > Flashcards

Integumentary System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Includes skin, hair, nails, glands; also contains sensory receptors & vascular network

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

Functions of the skin

A

A) Protection
B) Thermoregulation
C) Sensation
D) Excretion
E) Absorption

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3
Q

via blood vessels in skin

A

Thermoregulation

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4
Q

touch & pressure

A

Tactile

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5
Q

warmth & coolness

A

Thermal

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6
Q

Water and some wastes

A

Excretion

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7
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins, O2, CO2 and some toxins – acetone, lead, mercury and poison ivy & oak

A

Absorption

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8
Q

Integumentary System

2 distinct layers

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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9
Q

Thinnest & outermost layer

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (30-50 cells thick)

A

Epidermis

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11
Q

4 specialized cell types

A

Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
3) Langerhans cells
4) Merkel cells

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12
Q

produce keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

arise from bone marrow and help to activate the immune system

A

Langerhans cells

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15
Q

associated with sensory neurons to aid in our sense of touch

A

Merkel cells

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16
Q

deepest

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

1 cell layer thick

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Constantly reproducing

A

Stratum basale

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19
Q

10-25% melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

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20
Q

Several cell layers thick

A

Stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Large number of Langerhans cells

A

Stratum spinosum

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22
Q

3-5 cell layers thick

A

Stratum granulosum

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23
Q

Keratinization begins

A

Stratum granulosum

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24
Q

process by which cell’s internal structures die, degrade, and are replaced with keratin

A

Keratinization

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25
Last layer with blood nutrient supply
Stratum granulosum
26
only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
27
Thin band of flattened cells
Stratum lucidum
28
20-30 cell layers thick, 3/4 of epidermis
Stratum corneum
29
outermost
Stratum corneum
30
Deeper & thicker than epidermis
Dermis
31
Contains vascular network that “feeds” the epidermis & sensory receptors
Dermis
32
2 layers
Dermis
33
Dermis 2 layers
Papillary layer Reticular layer
34
flexibility
Areolar connective tissue
35
extensions into the epidermis
Dermal papillae
36
Contain blood vessels, free nerve endings (pain) and Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors)
Papillary layer (20%)
37
Dense irregular connective tissue
Reticular layer (80%)
38
Contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and Pacinian corpuscles (pressure receptors)
Reticular layer (80%)
39
Has some flexibility but can be torn or damaged
Reticular layer (80%)
40
Has some flexibility but can be torn or damaged
Scaring/Stretch marks Blister
41
composed primarily of adipose tissue
Subcutaneous layer
42
contains major blood vessels
Subcutaneous layer
43
Results from a combination of 3 pigments
Skin color
44
Produced by melanocytes in stratum basale
Melanin
45
Red to yellow to brown-black
Melanin
46
Found in plants (carrots)
Carotene
47
Yellow to orange
Carotene
48
More prominent in fair-skinned people
Hemoglobin
49
Crimson
Hemoglobin
50
most skin tumors are benign (warts) however some can spread (cancerous)
Skin cancer
51
Basal cell carcinoma
Skin cancer
52
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin cancer
53
Melanoma
Skin cancer
54
skin inflammation
Dermatitis
55
persistent flushing of the skin
Rosacea
56
damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation or certain chemicals
Burns
57
an active inflammation of the sebaceous glands
Acne
58
excessive hairiness in women
Hirsutism
59
baldness
Alopecia
60
a chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease which affects the skin and joints
Psoriasis
61
commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin
Psoriasis
62
commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin
psoriatic plaques
63
pili
pili
64
Palms, soles, lips, nipples, penis, & labia minora
hairless
65
Serves protective function
Hair
66
Hair 3 parts
Shaft Root Bulb
67
Shaft & root are subdivided into 3 sections
Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle
68
middle
Cortex
69
innermost
Medulla
70
Root and bulb are also surrounded by a
hair follicle
71
Root and bulb 2 parts
Inner root sheath Outer root sheath
72
Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
Root and bulb
73
The bulb is surrounded by
touch receptors
74
It also has matrix cells
bulb
75
Arise from stratum basale
matrix cells
76
Responsible for the growth of existing hair
matrix cells
77
Contain melanocytes
matrix cells
78
contains blood vessels
Papilla
79
Hair normally at an angle; cause hair to “stand up” = goose-bumps
Arrector pili muscle
80
Protection & grasping
Nails
81
Dense parallel arrangement of keratin fibrils
Nails
82
not in contact with nail bed; the part we cut
Free edge
83
portion on the nail bed that we can see
Body
84
also lies on nail bed but we can’t see it
Root
85
deeper epidermal layers
Nail bed
86
thickened portion of the nail bed from which the nail grows
Nail matrix
87
crescent shaped, whitish portion of nail at proximal end
Lunula
88
folds of overlying skin on proximal and lateral sides
Nail folds
89
portion of proximal nail fold that extends onto the nail body
Cuticle
90
Open onto epidermal layer but located in dermis
Glands
91
All exocrine
Glands
92
oil glands
Sebaceous glands
93
associated with hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
94
produce sebum – protects hair
Sebaceous glands
95
sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands
96
Everywhere, but most numerous on palms, soles, axillary & pubic regions, and forehead
Sudoriferous glands
97
Sudoriferous glands 2 types
Eccrine glands, Apocrine glands
98
Axillary & pubic regions
Apocrine glands
99
Ducts open onto hair follicles
Apocrine glands
100
Become active during puberty
Apocrine glands
101
most abundant
Eccrine glands
102
Palms, soles & forehead
Eccrine glands
103
Ducts open directly onto skin
Eccrine glands
104
Active at birth
Eccrine glands
105
Sudor
Perspiration
106
Relatively odorless
Perspiration
107
Water, salts, urea, uric acid and traces of other elements
Perspiration
108
Functions in cooling & excretion of wastes
Perspiration
109
Contains enzymes that destroy bacteria
Perspiration
110
Found in ear canal
Ceruminous glands
111
Modified apocrine gland
Ceruminous glands
112
Cerumen
Ceruminous glands
113
earwax
Cerumen
114
Protection & keep tympanum from drying out
Cerumen
115
Produce milk for newborn
Mammary glands
116
Specialized sweat glands
Mammary glands

Biology 2 (11 decks)

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