Muscular System

Question 1

What are the types of muscle in the body?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

Function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 2

Moves blood from heart around circulatory system

Question 3

Function of the skeletal muscles?

Answer 3

Moves limbs

Question 4

Function of smooth muscle?

Answer 4

Moves various things through body systems

Question 5

Describe antagonistic muscle pairs?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscles only pull in one direction, so they have to come in pairs
When one muscle in pair contracts, (to bend a joint) its counterpart then contracts and pulls in opposite direction to straighten out the joint again.

Question 6

Which muscle is the agonist in the antagonistic muscle pairs?

Answer 6

The muscle which is contracting and pulling

Question 7

Which muscle is known as the antagonist?

Answer 7

The muscle which is relaxing & allowing movement

Question 8

What are concentric contractions?

Answer 8

When a working muscle gets shorter & fatter

Lifting a weight in a bicep curl

Question 9

What are eccentric contractions?

Answer 9

When a working muscle gets longer & thinner

Lowering a weight in a bicep curl

Question 10

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 10

When a working muscle is against a resistant & stays same length

Question 11

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 11

When a working muscle is against a resistance & it shortens or lengthens

Question 12

Slow twitch fibres vs Fast twitch fibres

Answer 12

Slow: designed for endurance
Contract & relax slowly
Produce little force
Keep going for long periods without tiring

Fast twitch fibres: designed for high intensity activity
Produce 10 times more force than slow twitch
Tire quickly - have fewer arteries & veins than slow twitch, less myoglobin

Question 13

What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 13

Skeletal muscles have to work harder & contract more often, meaning they require more nutrients & oxygen.
When skeletal muscles contract & relax & produce energy for strenuous exercise, they become warm & body temperature rises.
Heat from working muscles dispersed from muscles via blood to skin, where blood is cooled to help regulate body temperature

Question 14

What is the function of the alactic (ATP) system?

Answer 14

To produce energy for very high intensity work, system uses the ATP stores in the muscles first
This provides energy for approx. 1 second. After, stores of creatine phosphate broken down further to provide ATP.

Question 15

What’s the function of the alactic anaerobic system?

Answer 15

Source of fuel produces approx. 9 seconds of energy. System produces this energy without oxygen.
For a short burst of very high intensity work (5 sec sprint), main energy system used.

Question 16

What are the functions of the lactic acid system?

Answer 16

Beyond 10 secs of high intensity work, LA system supplies ATP. Glycogen broken down to form ATP
Stores of glycogen provide energy for up to 40 secs without needing oxygen, before build up of waste product of lactic acid stops muscles from working.
For long burst of very high intensity work (30-50 secs sprinting), main energy system used will be lactic energy system.

Question 17

How do the muscles relate to the energy systems?

Answer 17

Muscles are motors/engines of body. They use fuels to create energy & produce movement. Skeletal muscles need ATP as fuel to produce energy. ATP supplied by 3 main energy systems.