Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Answer 1

Transports nutrients in blood & O2 in RBCs to working muscles
Transports CO2 to lungs, where it’s breathed out
Excess heat transported through blood to skin
Keeps delivering more O2 to working muscles until lactic acid is broken down & CO2 breathed out via lungs

Question 2

What is the function, lumen, wall, & features of an artery?

Answer 2

Function: carries oxygenated blood away from heart
Lumen: small & narrow
Wall: thick
Features: strong, muscular walls enable vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 3

What is the function, lumen, wall & features of a vein?

Answer 3

Function: carries deoxygenated blood towards heart
Lumen:large
Wall: thin
Features: valves to prevent back flow of blood

Question 4

What is the function, lumen, wall, & feature of a capillary?

Answer 4

Function: diffusion of gases & nutrients from blood cells of body
Lumen: very small
Wall: very thin
Feature: walls 1 cell thick for diffusion of gases & nutrients

Question 5

What is heart rate?

Answer 5

Number of cardiac cycles (beats) per minute. Changes based on activity.

Question 6

What is stroke volume?

Answer 6

The amount of blood pumped from left ventricle per heartbeat. Increases during exercise due to increased venous return

Question 7

What is cardiac output?

Answer 7

Volume of blood pumped out of left ventricle in 1 minute

Question 8

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 8

The lumen is constricted to reduce blood flow to areas such as the digestive system

Question 9

What is vasodilation?

Answer 9

Lumen dilates (widens) to allow more blood flow to be redirected to working muscles

Question 10

What are the long term effects of optimal training?

Answer 10

More RBCs produced
Greater capillary network & more venules
Cardiac hypertrophy
Higher resistance to lactic acid build up

Question 11

What is the aim of vasoconstriction & vasodilation?

Answer 11

Redirect blood flow to working muscles